2015年CRI ＂Reactor Relevant＂ Fusion, a Potential Game Changer in Energy Production
时间：2019-01-17 作者：英语课 分类：2015CRI中国国际广播电台
Fusion 1 is how stars produce energy. It occurs when the nuclei 2 of light atoms, such as hydrogen, are fused together under extreme pressure and heat.
Tokamak Energy, from Oxfordshire, believes that the third version of their compact, spherical 3 tokamak reactor 4 will be able to reach temperatures of 100 million degrees Celsius 5 by 2020. That's seven times hotter than the centre of the sun and the temperature necessary to achieve fusion, which fuses hydrogen atoms together, releasing huge energy. Such an achievement will potentially make an enormous contribution both to world energy supplies and reducing carbon emissions 6.
Senior Tokamak engineer Bill Huang says the key to their success is the spherical shape of its tokamak.
"Here what we're developing is building these small tokamaks, like ST25, and then we've got other devices using key technologies which are high temperature superconductors and spherical tokamak shapes. So we've got a slightly different shape from traditional fusion and this allows us to get a higher plasma 7 pressure for a given magnetic field."
Tokamak Energy says its technology would be similar in costs to a nuclear fission 8 plant, but without any fissile material and with no risk of meltdown.
The company is three stages into its five stage process - each involving a new reactor.
Tokamak CEO David Kingham believes it will be possible for his team to transfer energy to the grid 9 by 2030.
"We want to get within five years to an energy gain, and from there we want to go on in ten years to get to first electricity, a device where we can demonstrate production of electricity from fusion, but it may be 15 years before we get energy to the grid in significant quantities."
Kingham adds Fusion will make a big difference to carbon emissions if it can be used.
"Fusion is one of those technologies which, if it could be harnessed, could be scaled up rapidly to be deployed 10 world-wide by 2050 and could make a very big difference to carbon emissions and therefore to climate change from 2050 onwards."
A number of high-profile investors 11 have already showed their interest in various fusion projects.
- Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc. 黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
- This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.这种合金是用两种金属熔合而成的。
- To free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei. 为了释放电子，必须使电子高速旋转而足以摆脱原子核的束缚。
- Energy is released by the fission of atomic nuclei. 能量是由原子核分裂释放出来的。
- The Earth is a nearly spherical planet.地球是一个近似球体的行星。
- Many engineers shy away from spherical projection methods.许多工程师对球面投影法有畏难情绪。
- The atomic reactor generates enormous amounts of thermal energy.原子反应堆发出大量的热能。
- Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules.在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。
- The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
- The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
- Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
- Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
- Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
- The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。
- The fission of the cell could be inhibited with certain chemicals.细胞的裂变可以通过某些化学药品加以抑制。
- Nuclear fission releases tremendous amounts of energy.核裂变释放出巨大的能量。
- In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
- Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。
- Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
- The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。