时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:2017年NPR美国国家公共电台10月


英语课

 


STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:


Turns out there are some workouts that can improve your memory. NPR's Jon Hamilton reports on two approaches to brain training.


JON HAMILTON, BYLINE 1: Brain training programs often target something called working memory.


KARA BLACKER: Working memory is our mental workspace.


HAMILTON: Kara Blacker is a scientist at the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. She says you need working memory to get through the day.


BLACKER: So if somebody gives you directions, you have to keep that information in mind long enough to actually execute going to that location. If somebody tells you a phone number, you have to be able to remember it.


HAMILTON: Scientists have tried two methods to improve working memory. And Blacker wanted to know whether one of them was more effective. So she and a team at Johns Hopkins University had more than 130 people spend a month training their brains. One group trained with something called the dual 2 n-back test. Blacker says it involves monitoring two streams of information and trying to recall what you saw or heard in each stream.


BLACKER: It sounds very difficult, but people get surprisingly good at it.


HAMILTON: Another group trained with something called a complex span test. They tried to remember the order and location of squares on a grid 3. And there was a clear winner. The team reports in the Journal of Cognitive 4 Enhancement that people who used the dual n-back test improved their working memory by about 30 percent. Blacker says that was nearly twice as much as people who used the complex span test.


BLACKER: And then the really exciting part was that we found that the dual n-back group showed significant changes in their brain activity.


HAMILTON: Especially in an area associated with higher-level thinking. So did training make these people smarter?


BLACKER: No, that is not what we found.


HAMILTON: Their IQ didn't change. And Bradley Voytek of the University of California, San Diego says that's been the case with most brain training studies.


BRADLEY VOYTEK: We want to just be able to, like, pull up our iPhone while we're sitting on the train or at a bus stop or something, play a game for a couple of minutes and get smarter.


HAMILTON: But we can't. Voytek says brain training programs seem to improve only a very narrow set of skills, not overall intelligence. And that's not surprising. After all, Voytek says, you wouldn't expect people who train their bodies for cycling to also be great swimmers or runners.


VOYTEK: They're not going to be able to compete against Usain Bolt. Just like if you put Usain Bolt on a bike, they're not going to be able to compete with a world-class cyclist.


HAMILTON: The skills just don't transfer. Jon Hamilton, NPR News.


(SOUNDBITE OF ALLEM IVERSOM'S "BLUE")


INSKEEP: If you want to see what a brain workout looks like, get it on your brain. It's on our health blog Shots at npr.org.



n.署名;v.署名
  • His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
  • We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。
adj.双的;二重的,二元的
  • The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
  • He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。
n.高压输电线路网;地图坐标方格;格栅
  • In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下,要用载体把格栅密封起来。
  • Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
学英语单词
afetal
against one's grain
ammoresinol
amur cork-tree
anisomorphism
antiatherosclerosis
apple orchard
Bernhardt, Sarah
bheurs
binary code element set
blast air receiver
bounded uniform space
buffalograsses
cold reserve
collision avoidance radar
commotional
comparisons
data enable
Deaur. pil.
delay, node
dimorphic colony
disintergation
disulfocyanic acid
dual lens
education on demand
electric coil
Eugenia jambos
extranuclear nucleolus
fermionized
fillet brazing
film (conductance) coefficient
fischer rat (f344)
fixed on
Flos Chrysanthemi Indici
fluprednisolone
forced-circulation steam generator
fuer in fait
give someone the bum's rush
glucoverodoxin
high frequency communication
houchen
Ipomoea pavonii
IS10
iterative attenuation coefficient
keran
Knox, Henry
lamellibranchiate dentition
light bulb torus
local mean noon
lock stitch
Mach region
manang
micklethwait
mitospores
monel clad steel
monodichlamydeous
Mullaghbeg
multiple lipoma
multiply operation
myotenositis
nonindicating controller
nonproteogenic
oberkirchers
original horizontality
palmula
paracaecal
partially ordered set
Parvex
pilot (control) port
piozzis
platin-
productive procrastination
quick-response voltage control
recoil species
sandpapered nails
Schmidt corrector
screw up one's courage
self regulation
sensory rhizotomy of trigeminal nerve
short-hand
shotaro
sight ramp
single sensor
stagiaires
support(ing) skirt
syllogismhood
take freedoms with sb
theory of limit
tithes
to make sb acquainted with...
traveling comfort
trigesimal
turi
tweaky
twisting paper
uncellable bonds
unreversing
us-installeds
valve grinding emerypaste
VSEPR theory
vulgar latins
water-damage cargo