时间:2018-12-02 作者:英语课 分类:高级口语教程


Are Cars Doing More Harm Than Good? - 英语课
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  1. 1 Are Cars Doing More Harm Than Good? 英语课
英语课

Lesson 28


                     Are Cars Doing More Harm Than Good?


                                         Text


                       Cars Only Bring Peogle Trouble


    Today any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car--if he can afford it, that is. And to be able to afford it, you have first of all to pay a five or six figure sum to buy a machine. Even the toylike Polish midget Fiat 1 costs something

like 20,000 yuan. Any decent car would cost ten times that much.

    But however large this initial sum you have to pay, the real drain on your purse is yet to come, in the running and maintenance of the machine--the various taxes, the fuel, and of course the repairs. The last item especially is a bottomless

pit. Any single repair may cost you thousands. If your car is of foreign make and you have to change a spare part, then God help you!


    The financial burden is not your only worry. When you buy a car, you are like an elderly.man who marries a young wife. You have to guard her jealously, and protect her from prowling wolves who are constantly at your gate. A famous violinist who bought a second-hand 2 car last year had to buy a pair of binoculars 3 at the same time too, because he had to watch the car from his window every few minutes. Not only the car itself, but accesories such as rear-view mirrors, batteries, even wheels are all objects of prey 4.




    I once read about a man in Shanghai who had the luck to win a car in a savings 5' lottery 6. Of course it was the cheapest of all cars, a Polish midget Fiat mentioned above. Nevertheless for the rnan who won it, it was the chance of a life time, and he could hardly believe in his own luck. But his joy was short-lived, for the troubles that followed were enough to put any man into utter despair.

    First of all he couldn't get a license 7 plate. He was sent from place to place, and after months of running around and after having handed out around four thousand yuan ( the greater part of which as "good will gifts") he finally becarr.e the proud legal owner of the car.




    But his troubles were by no means over. Like the violinist, he found he had to guard his newly-wedded "bride" from all sorts of violations 8. In fact the whole family had to take turn s for the "night shift", which meant sleep in the car to protect her from night prowlers. Our friend had the hardest time because he is a tall fellow with long limbs.For him to sleep in a toy-like midget car was literally 9 a form of torture. When he clarnbered out of the car in the morning, he found he could hardly walk. Obviously things couldn't go on like that and so in the end he found a place to park his car for the night-in a school about two bus-stops away. The distance was noth ing compared with the parking fee he had to pay the school every month.But the greatest inconvenience was the fact that he had to get his car out of the school before eight every morning when school starts.




    With conditions as they are in our country, one may well wonder who would ever want to own a private car. According to officially published figures, there were over 4,000 private cars in Beijing at the beginning of this year. That's a big leap from just over a hundred five years ago-a forty times increase. But in proportion to Beijing's population, the figure is piteously low, probably the lowest compared to other capitals in the world.




II . Read

    Read the following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading.


                        1. The Advantages of the Car


    The use of the motor car is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century. As an increasing number of countries develop both technically 10 and economically, so a larger proportion of the world's population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility 11, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally.


He can choose from a greater variety of jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius 12. Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport, the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation 13 caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground. trains, standing 14 in long patient queues, or sitting on draughty platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good fast motorways 15 long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in fhis century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate 16 neighbourhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.


 


                        2. The Drawbacks of the Car


    When considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission 17 from their exhaust pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor 18 illness of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air. Doctors' surgeries are full of people suffering from illness caused by pollution.


 


It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns. Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion 19. In fact, any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city by the frustration 20 caused by traffic jams, endless queues of cars crawling bumper 21 to bumper through all the main streets. As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. The soaring cost of petrol and the increased licence fees and road tax all add to the driver's worries In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a boon 22, or just a menace.


 


                3. Cars Are the Major Cause of Road Accidents


    From the health point of view we are living in a marvellous age. We are immunised from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day rsmedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter 23 of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus 24 the motor-car! It is a never- ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.




    It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering 25 wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, wilful 26 as two-year-olds and utterly 27 selfish. All their hidden frustrations 28, disappointments and jealousies 29 seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.




    The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly 30 on the motorist and seems to condone 31 his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated 32 by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic 33, to be conveniently forgotten.




     With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. The driving test should be standardised and made far more difficult than it is; all drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young peopleare allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent 34 annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair 35 a person's driving ability.


 Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. These measures may sound inordinately 36 harsh, but surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll 37 of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.


 


                             4. Road Accidents


    There are far too many road accidents in this country: too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame: drivers or pedestrians 38. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the roads and the whole transport system. In crowded cities like London, Birmingham or Manchester, road conditions are so chaotic 39 that both driver and pedestrian often endanger lives through no fault of their own. Such deficiencies as too many road signs, faulty traffic lights, sudden narrowing of a street, congested parking are all a sure indication of bad ioad conditions. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone: drivers who drive too fast and without any consideration for others, drivers


 


               One Day We May Need to Use This Ambulance


who think they are safe at the wheel even though they have drunk too much alcohol, drivers who, out of some curious sense of power, are incapable 40 of understanding that their car is a lethal 41 weapon if improperly 42 used. Pedestrians, likewise, must share the guilt 43: stepping off the pavement without first looking to the left or right, crossing roads when the traffic lights are against them, jumping off a moving bus. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame.

    One looks forward to the day when the motor car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.


 


                       5. At the Scene of the Accident


  Policeman:   Now, sir, I,m sorry to have kept you waiting. I had to look after thetraffic on the road until some more police arrived. You,re the driverof the blue car, I believe.

Mr.Simpson:   Yes.

Policeman:   Just a few questions, sir. Do you feel all right?

Mr.Simpson:   Yes, I'm... I'm fine now. I was a little shaken up at first.

Policeman:   Well, I'll try not to keep you long. I just want a few details, and therest of the information I can get tomorrow. Can I have your name andaddress, please?

Mr.Simpson:   Jeremiah Simpson, 15 Portland Crescent, Leeds.

Policeman:   Have you got your driving licence and insurance certificate with you?

Mr.Simpson:   Yes... Oh, here they are.

Policeman:   M'hm... Thank you... Oh... Yes, they're all right. Now, were there anypassengers in the car?

Mr.Simpson   Er yes, er my wife and a friend - a young lady. My wife was ittingin the back and her friend in the front passenger seat.

Policeman:   Where are they now?

Mr.Simpson:   The ambulance has just taken them to hospital. You spoke 44 to theambulance driver before he set off. Did he say anything aboutthe young lady?

Policeman:   He said that her injuries looked worse than they really were. The otherwoman--that'd be your wife, I assume--appeared to be suffering fromshock.

Mr.Simpson:   Yes, I know. They advised her to go to hospital for a check-up, just incase.

Policeman:   Mm. Was the young lady wearing her seatbelt?

Mr.Simpson:   No, unfortunately. I told her to put it on, but she couldn't adjust it.

I didn't think it was worth stopping the car because we were onlygoing a few miles.

Policeman:   Did she go through the windscreen?

Mr.Simpson:   No, she was very lucky. But she hurt her leg on the dashboard.

Paliceman:   Mm. It could've been much worse. Now, sir, will you tell me in your ownwords what happened?

Mr.Simpson:   Oh... Well, as you can see, I was travelling along this?main road whensuddenly er the other car came out of er that sidestreet. It allhappened so quickly. I just didn't see him until he hit me.

Policeman:   I've just spoken to the other motoriest and he says that you werespeeding.

Mr.Simpson:   What?

Policeman:   Is this true?

Mr.Simpson:   That,s a lie. My wife and Becky'll tell you that I stopped at the  away.

pedestrian crossing just down there. You can see it's only fifty yardsI could hardly have reached thirty miles an hour by the time I got here.

Goodness knows what would've happened if I'd been going faster.

Policeman:   The other driver said that he stopped at the junction 45. When he pulledout there was nobody coming, so you must have been speeding.

Mr.Simpson:   Well, it' s not true. I've witnesses to prove it. He couldn't havestopped. The lighting 46 is very good here along this stretchPoliceman:   Yes.He should have stopped.Why did you stop at the pedestrian crossing?

Mr.Simpson:   There were two old ladies on it. I'm always a bit careful with oldpeople because they're likely to walk across the road without lookingproperly.

Policeman:   I shouldn't worry, sir. We don't think you were speeding--even withoutmeasuring the skid 47 marks.

Mr.Simpson:   Er, was he-er, the other driver-drunk?

Policeman:   I don't know yet.He's admitted that he's had one or two drinks,but saysit was only two half-pints. We're going to give him a breathalyser testto see whether he's over the limit. If he is, he'll be asked to have ablood test.

Mr.Simpson:   Well, I haven't touched a drop all night!

Policeman:   No, sir. It's surprising how much a driver's breath smells even if he'sonly had one drink. Well, sir, I don't think I need to detain youany longer. We shall want written statements from you, your wife andthe young lady tomorrow.

Mr.Simpson:   Yes... What'll happen to my car? It's obvious that with thatbadly-damaged wheel I shan't be able to drive it.

Policeman:   We'il have to take some measurements of the skid marks and thepositions of the cars. We' 11 arrange to have it towed away when we'vefinished. If you ring the police station tomorrow, they'll tell you whatto do.

Mr.Simpson   Thank you very much.

Policeman   Oh, er, by the way, is the young lady staying with you?

Mr.Simpson   No, she's a friend of my wife. She's staying at the Station Hotel.

Her name is er Becky Softe. She has a friend with her and she'll need tobe told about the accident, I suppose. I--I don,t know...

Policeman   We'll see to that. I expect you'll want to go to the hospitalto see how your wife is.

Mr.Simpson   Yes, er I must go there now. I told my wife to wait there until I couldcollect her in a taxi. I hope they don't keep her in.

Policeman   If you feel well enough, you can get a taxi just around the next corner.

Mr.Simpson   Yes, I'm fine. Goodnight.

Policeman    Goodnight.                 


                        6. The Alcohol Limit and the Punishment


    The limit of the amount of alcohol a driver is allowed to have in his blood is 80 milligrams for every 100 millilitres of blood: that is about one and a half litres of beer, or one double whisky.

    If the driver is convicted of "being drunk while in charge of a motor vehicle", the usual sentence is a ) a heavy fine. b ) disqualification from driving for 12 months.

    If the driver causes an accident, the sentence can be stricter. For example, a drunken driver who killed a pedestrian was sent to prison for 9 months, as well as being fined and losing his licence for a year. (A demonstrator who destroyed a tennis court as a protest was sent to prison for 18 months.)


 


                    7. How Do Police Detect Drunk Drivers


    If the police suspect you of having drunk more than the limit (see above) they can ask you to blow into a breathalyser, which is a plastic bag; if the crystals inside turn green, the police can take you to a police station and take a blood sample. If the driver has had a drink less than 20 minutes before he is stopped, the breathalyser cannot be used.

    Officially the police can stop you only if they think you are driving badly, but in practice they sometimes simply stop drivers, and give them the breathalyser test.


 


                 8. Different Opinions on the Alcohol Limit


    Chief Inspector 48 Kale (Head of Southern Police) would like the alcohol limit lowered and sentences made tougher.

    Mrs. Nash (a lawyer) is often professionally involved in drinking and driving cases. She thinks judges are too kind, and that seniences should be made tougher.

Dr.Smalby has been asked to explain the effects of alcohol. He says fhat it slows down reactions, and affects vision.

    Mrs.Houghton, whose six-year-old son, Tommy, was killed by a drunken driver. She thinks the driver should have been sent to prison for life.




    Mr.Lambert knocked down a pedestrian while slightly drunk. He feels very guilty, and is convinced it would not have happened if he had not had a few drinks.

    Mr.Crosby lost his licence six months ago, and, as a result, his job. He feels he was driving quite properly, and that the law was, and is, far too stiict.

     Mrs.Austin lost her licence after having three whiskies. She was driving because her husband was drunk. She thinks she drives perfectly 49 well after three whiskies and that the law is unfair.

    James Connery (a famous racing 50 driver) thinks that everybody reacts differently to alcohol. (He would be quite safe after drinking three whiskies. ) He thinks the limit should be raised.

    Gabrielle Savage 51 (a famous film actress) thinks ihe law should be abolished because it stops people having a good time.



1 fiat
n.命令,法令,批准;vt.批准,颁布
  • The opening of a market stall is governed by municipal fiat.开设市场摊位受市政法令管制。
  • He has tried to impose solutions to the country's problems by fiat.他试图下令强行解决该国的问题。
2 second-hand
adj.用过的,旧的,二手的
  • I got this book by chance at a second-hand bookshop.我赶巧在一家旧书店里买到这本书。
  • They will put all these second-hand goods up for sale.他们将把这些旧货全部公开出售。
3 binoculars
n.双筒望远镜
  • He watched the play through his binoculars.他用双筒望远镜看戏。
  • If I had binoculars,I could see that comet clearly.如果我有望远镜,我就可以清楚地看见那颗彗星。
4 prey
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨
  • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
  • The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
5 savings
n.存款,储蓄
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
6 lottery
n.抽彩;碰运气的事,难于算计的事
  • He won no less than £5000 in the lottery.他居然中了5000英镑的奖券。
  • They thought themselves lucky in the lottery of life.他们认为自己是变幻莫测的人生中的幸运者。
7 license
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
8 violations
违反( violation的名词复数 ); 冒犯; 违反(行为、事例); 强奸
  • This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
  • These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。
9 literally
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
10 technically
adv.专门地,技术上地
  • Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说,这是最先进的设备。
  • The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说,西红柿是一种水果,尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。
11 mobility
n.可动性,变动性,情感不定
  • The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
  • Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。
12 radius
n.半径,半径范围;有效航程,范围,界限
  • He has visited every shop within a radius of two miles.周围两英里以内的店铺他都去过。
  • We are measuring the radius of the circle.我们正在测量圆的半径。
13 irritation
n.激怒,恼怒,生气
  • He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited.他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。
  • Barbicane said nothing,but his silence covered serious irritation.巴比康什么也不说,但是他的沉默里潜伏着阴郁的怒火。
14 standing
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
15 motorways
n.高速公路( motorway的名词复数 )
  • Most of Britain's motorways radiated from London. 英国的大多数公路从伦敦向四方延伸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Cuba is well served by motorways. 古巴的高速公路四通八达。 来自辞典例句
16 immediate
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
17 emission
n.发出物,散发物;发出,散发
  • Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施,降低污染物排放总量。
  • Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后,指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。
18 minor
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
19 congestion
n.阻塞,消化不良
  • The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
  • Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。
20 frustration
n.挫折,失败,失效,落空
  • He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
  • He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
21 bumper
n.(汽车上的)保险杠;adj.特大的,丰盛的
  • The painting represents the scene of a bumper harvest.这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。
  • This year we have a bumper harvest in grain.今年我们谷物丰收。
22 boon
n.恩赐,恩物,恩惠
  • A car is a real boon when you live in the country.在郊外居住,有辆汽车确实极为方便。
  • These machines have proved a real boon to disabled people.事实证明这些机器让残疾人受益匪浅。
23 slaughter
n.屠杀,屠宰;vt.屠杀,宰杀
  • I couldn't stand to watch them slaughter the cattle.我不忍看他们宰牛。
  • Wholesale slaughter was carried out in the name of progress.大规模的屠杀在维护进步的名义下进行。
24 versus
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
25 steering
n.操舵装置
  • He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration. 他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
  • Steering according to the wind, he also framed his words more amicably. 他真会看风使舵,口吻也马上变得温和了。
26 wilful
adj.任性的,故意的
  • A wilful fault has no excuse and deserves no pardon.不能宽恕故意犯下的错误。
  • He later accused reporters of wilful distortion and bias.他后来指责记者有意歪曲事实并带有偏见。
27 utterly
adv.完全地,绝对地
  • Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民,把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
  • I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。
28 frustrations
挫折( frustration的名词复数 ); 失败; 挫败; 失意
  • The temptation would grow to take out our frustrations on Saigon. 由于我们遭到挫折而要同西贡算帐的引诱力会增加。
  • Aspirations will be raised, but so will frustrations. 人们会产生种种憧憬,但是种种挫折也会随之而来。
29 jealousies
n.妒忌( jealousy的名词复数 );妒羡
  • They were divided by mutual suspicion and jealousies. 他们因为相互猜疑嫉妒而不和。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • I am tired of all these jealousies and quarrels. 我厌恶这些妒忌和吵架的语言。 来自辞典例句
30 benignly
adv.仁慈地,亲切地
  • Everyone has to benignly help people in distress. 每一个人应让该亲切地帮助有困难的人。 来自互联网
  • This drug is benignly soporific. 这种药物具有良好的催眠效果。 来自互联网
31 condone
v.宽恕;原谅
  • I cannot condone the use of violence.我不能宽恕使用暴力的行为。
  • I will not condone a course of action that will lead us to war.我绝不允许任何导致战争的行为。
32 desecrated
毁坏或亵渎( desecrate的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The invading army desecrated this holy place when they camped here. 侵略军在这块圣地上扎营就是对这块圣地的亵渎。
  • She shouldn't have desecrated the picture of a religious leader. 她不该亵渎宗教领袖的画像。
33 statistic
n.统计量;adj.统计的,统计学的
  • Official statistics show real wages declining by 24%.官方统计数字表明实际工资下降了24%。
  • There are no reliable statistics for the number of deaths in the battle.关于阵亡人数没有可靠的统计数字。
34 stringent
adj.严厉的;令人信服的;银根紧的
  • Financiers are calling for a relaxation of these stringent measures.金融家呼吁对这些严厉的措施予以放宽。
  • Some of the conditions in the contract are too stringent.合同中有几项条件太苛刻。
35 impair
v.损害,损伤;削弱,减少
  • Loud noise can impair your hearing.巨大的噪音有损听觉。
  • It can not impair the intellectual vigor of the young.这不能磨灭青年人思想活力。
36 inordinately
adv.无度地,非常地
  • But if you are determined to accumulate wealth, it isn't inordinately difficult. 不过,如果你下决心要积累财富,事情也不是太难。 来自互联网
  • She was inordinately smart. 她非常聪明。 来自互联网
37 toll
n.过路(桥)费;损失,伤亡人数;v.敲(钟)
  • The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
  • The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。
38 pedestrians
n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 )
  • Several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Pedestrians keep to the sidewalk [footpath]! 行人走便道。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
39 chaotic
adj.混沌的,一片混乱的,一团糟的
  • Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
  • The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。
40 incapable
adj.无能力的,不能做某事的
  • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
  • Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。
41 lethal
adj.致死的;毁灭性的
  • A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
  • She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
42 improperly
不正确地,不适当地
  • Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛!
  • He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。
43 guilt
n.犯罪;内疚;过失,罪责
  • She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
  • Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。
44 spoke
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
45 junction
n.连接,接合;交叉点,接合处,枢纽站
  • There's a bridge at the junction of the two rivers.两河的汇合处有座桥。
  • You must give way when you come to this junction.你到了这个路口必须让路。
46 lighting
n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光
  • The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
  • The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。
47 skid
v.打滑 n.滑向一侧;滑道 ,滑轨
  • He braked suddenly,causing the front wheels to skid.他突然剎车,使得前轮打了滑。
  • The police examined the skid marks to see how fast the car had been travelling.警察检查了车轮滑行痕迹,以判断汽车当时开得有多快。
48 inspector
n.检查员,监察员,视察员
  • The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school.视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。
  • The inspector was shining a flashlight onto the tickets.查票员打着手电筒查看车票。
49 perfectly
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
50 racing
n.竞赛,赛马;adj.竞赛用的,赛马用的
  • I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
  • The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。
51 savage
adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人
  • The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
  • He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。
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