时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2014年(十月)


英语课

 


Ebola Best Controlled at Source 埃博拉最好控制在源头


Researchers said the best way to prevent Ebola from spreading from West Africa is to do a better job of controlling it at the source. They said while exit and entry screening at airports is helpful, it cannot replace stemming the number of new infections.


The Lancet has published a new research paper that says, “Every month, three Ebola-infected people are likely to leave West Africa through air travel.” It warns that “if the epidemic 1 persists and grows, it’s likely there will be more cases…exported to other countries.” The conclusions are based on flight itineraries 2, flight cancelations and the number of new infections in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.


Dr. Kamran Khan is one of the authors and is an infectious disease specialist and physician at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto. He said there are potentially three different places to intervene in the Ebola crisis.


“One, you can do this in your own country if you’re unfortunate enough to receive an imported case of Ebola. You know, that obviously is not the ideal situation because there is clearly health and economic and even psychological impacts that can result from an imported case as we’re currently seeing in the U.S. The second area you can focus on:  travelers, who might be inadvertently moving Ebola virus to different parts of the globe.”


Researchers studied how efficient or inefficient 3 it was to screen travelers before they left West Africa and when they arrived in other countries.


“What we found was that you could actually screen all of the travelers that would be at high risk of being potentially exposed to Ebola virus just from three airports in West Africa. And the additional benefit of screening at the entry side when they’re arriving in other countries is expected to be quite low because the travel times are fairly short and the incubation period – this is the time from which an individual is exposed to the time that they develop symptoms – is on average 8-to-10 days. [It] can be as long as 21-days.” Khan said.


He said the combination of exit and entry screening probably will not make much of a difference overall. But he added, stopping just one case helps.


“I don’t think that there is any significant harm from having that type of intervention 4 take place. It’s just that it’s not likely to have a really meaningful impact in minimizing the spread of disease. And so, finally, really, the only other frontier, the other option, is to decrease the number of new infections in the source countries themselves.”


Khan and his colleagues tried to predict the places where Ebola might spread if the outbreak is not contained.


He said, “Roughly two-thirds of all of the travelers – their final destinations are expected to be low-income or lower-middle-income countries. And I think that’s particularly notable given that the capacity of these countries to quickly detect and control and respond to a possible imported case of Ebola virus isn’t going to be as robust 5 as it would be in other more industrialized countries.”


He said that imposing 6 travel bans to the U.S., Canada and other developed countries is not the answer as some would believe.


“I know there’s certainly been a lot of very heated debate over the issue of travel bans. Those are really just addressing the symptom. They’re not actually taking care of the root cause. So, if anything, they’re really just going to have either a very short benefit or a very marginal benefit,” he said.


Some U.S. lawmakers and others have said a travel ban can be imposed, while at the same time exempting 7 humanitarian 8 workers and aid flights.


Khan said, “Certainly, the capacity of bringing in medical supplies and certain humanitarian supplies through noncommercial flights is an option. But [considering] the scale of all of the goods and services that flow into a country – I’m not convinced that that actually is possible -- at least not a very feasible option. If we just think for a moment what would happen if all flights were canceled into the United States, you would see tremendous economic consequences – impacts on things like food supplies and fuel and all of these other types of important product s and services.”


Dr. Khan said it all comes back to addressing the source of the problem.


“Really what we need to do is change the shape of the epidemic curve. And that basically just means rather than seeing increasing numbers of new infections we need to actually turn this around so the number of new infections in the population is decreasing. And that’s going to really require more intensive resources in the three affected 9 countries, health care personnel, personal protective equipment, medical supplies.”


He said that of nearly 500,000 travelers who flew on commercial flights out of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in 2013, more than half were headed to five countries: Ghana, Senegal, Britain, France and the Gambia. 



n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
n.旅程,行程( itinerary的名词复数 )
  • Submit weekly status reports and monthly itineraries to Region Vice President. 每周递交工作报告,每月递交工作计划给总经理。 来自互联网
  • Big Ticket ItemsBig Savings-Complex international itineraries can offer opportunities for significant savings. 复杂线路节省更多:复杂的国际航线其实有更多的省钱机会。 来自互联网
adj.效率低的,无效的
  • The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。
  • Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。
n.介入,干涉,干预
  • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
adj.强壮的,强健的,粗野的,需要体力的,浓的
  • She is too tall and robust.她个子太高,身体太壮。
  • China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道,中国希望保持经济强势增长,以减少贫困和失业状况。
adj.使人难忘的,壮丽的,堂皇的,雄伟的
  • The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
  • He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。
使免除[豁免]( exempt的现在分词 )
  • EPA adopted regulations exempting discharges from agricultural activities, with certain exceptions for relatively major pollution sources. 环境保护局采用管制规章,禁止源自农业活动的各种排放,对于一些相关的大型污染源也有例外。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
  • She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业,并作了很大的贡献。
  • The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。
adj.不自然的,假装的
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
学英语单词
account of exchequer
achyranthine
acl-deficient
active bias circuit
acute bleedingerosive gastritis
adenopathies
Alexanderite Lasers
alpine goldenrod
american society mechanical engineers
amplitude-modulation communication system
arabness
bastinite (hureaulite)
be sadly mistaken
beps
beryllium ethide
BNOC
body-snatchers
camshaft gear and servomotor
chondrogenic zone
clavie
Clitorido
congenital microphthalmus
Cripps Corner
datively
decidabe subclass
dendrium
dinelli
Discovery Sound
Disraeli, Benjamin
DMC (digital microcircuit)
do the agreeable
e-knee
economic indices of hydropower station
encite
export market development programme
Faddoi
field emission electron image
finger wear
glacial retreat
gm-cfc
Goyaesque
Gånghester
hemp canvas
in-plane vibration
inspection of accounts
kebob
Kevin Mitnick
lammiela
linfante
lobotomization
lockedseam
long haul fare
mannoheptitol
mechanostable
momentary gods
mosaic soil
motor vehicle accident
move apart
National Television Standards Committee
np product
occluded gas
open end roll
overflow check program
P-V state
Pangutaran
parakaliella venusta
partial polarized light
port administration
positional operators
primary dermal leishmaniasis
principal program path
raise the hoof
reales
receiving notice
reflecting element
ring traveller
Roman blind
rotor motor
runs by
scare the hell out of
self guidance
Software Modeling
solid state software
spawn kills
spooled input processing
Stewart, Mt.
stricture of common bile duct
subnasal points
take out after
telepalhine
temperature error
Terpieol
Thompson machine
timberjack
times have changed
total reproduction rate
unrefuted
value on exchange
white glove test
wurtewale
yoks
zazzy