VOA标准英语2015--世界卫生组织已批准婴儿脑膜炎疫苗
时间：2019-01-14 作者：英语课 分类：VOA标准英语2015年(一月)
WHO Approves Infant Meningitis Vaccine 1 世界卫生组织已批准婴儿脑膜炎疫苗
The World Health Organization has approved the use of a meningitis vaccine for infants in sub-Saharan Africa. The vaccine has been given to older children and young adults for the past four years.
The WHO said the MenAfriVac vaccine meets international standards for quality, safety and efficacy and now can be used for children under one year of age.
It immunizes against meningitis A – a bacterial 2 disease that causes inflammation of membranes 3 surrounding the brain and spinal 4 cord. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it can kill within hours – and poses a threat to 450-million people in the so-called “meningitis belt.” The belt consists of 26 countries stretching from Senegal in West Africa to Ethiopia in the East.
The CDC said one in 10 people will die from meningitis A even when antibiotics 5 are given. And one out of four survivors 6 may be left with paralysis 7, blindness, hearing loss and seizures 8.
Dr. Marie-Pierre Préziosi is director of the Meningitis Vaccine Project – a partnership 9 between the World Health Organization and PATH, a non-profit health organization. She said that meningitis has been a threat in parts of Africa for about 100 years.
“Based on the call from countries, the global health community came about with this project. And the project and its partners developed a vaccine – licensed 10 it – and introduced it for mass vaccination 11 campaigns. So this has been a tremendous success. And populations from one to 29 years of age are now protected,” she said
But she said it’s now important to extend that protection to infants.
“If we just stop there and don’t provide countries with tour de force sustainability in 10 [or] 15 years from now this massive epidemic 12 will return because there will be [an] accumulation of susceptible 13 persons in the population. Therefore, there was the need to adapt a vaccine for use in routine immunization in the youngest, in the infants. And this is the purpose of the current licensure and recommendation.”
Dr. Préziosi said the MenAfriVac vaccine offers protection against meningitis A for up to five years. But follow-up studies will be done to monitor the length of its effectiveness. Asked if there are any safety concerns, she said, “No, no safety concern. These conjugate 14 vaccines 15 are extremely safe.”
Meningitis A is spread from person to person.
“The only reservoir is human beings," she said.
The bacteria can be spread in respiratory droplets 16 when a person sneezes, coughs, talks or even laughs.
The head of the Meningitis Vaccine Project said since the vaccine was introduced four years ago about 217-million people have been immunized. Another 100-million are expected to be vaccinated 17 in the next few years. The meningitis vaccine is expected to become part of routine immunizations and given to 30-million infants a year in the meningitis belt.
The MenAfriVac vaccine costs less than a dollar per dose. The GAVI Alliance is picking half the cost in the first year of mass immunizations with individual countries paying the rest. GAVI is a public/private partnership that works to increase access to vaccines in poor countries. After the initial mass immunization, the cost gradually shifts to the countries.
- The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
- She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
- Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
- Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
- The waste material is placed in cells with permeable membranes. 废液置于有渗透膜的槽中。 来自辞典例句
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of intracellular membranes. 肌浆网属于细胞内膜系统。 来自辞典例句
- After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天，就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。
- Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。
- the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
- The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
- The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
- survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者
- The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
- The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
- Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句
- The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
- Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。
- The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US. 这种新药尚未在美国获得许可。
- Is that gun licensed? 那支枪有持枪执照吗？
- Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
- Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
- That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
- The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
- Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
- We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
- A partition that is its own conjugate is ealled self-conjugate.一个分析如与其自身共轭称为自共轭。
- It is important to learn to conjugate irregular verbs.学会不规则动词的变化是相当重要的。
- His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
- The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
- Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
- In constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反，从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴，所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句
- I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
- Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？