时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2011年(二月)


英语课

Hospitals can be dangerous places. We go there to get well, but sometimes people get sicker or even die because of infections they contract in the hospital.

A new program to reduce infections with relatively 1 simple and inexpensive quality control measures is saving lives, according to a new study.

Johns Hopkins University Medical School professor Peter Pronovost pioneered the use of hospital checklists to reduce infections.

He and his colleagues started with a list of about 90 recommendations from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "and we elected to say, well, I can't do 90 things as a practicing [doctor]. Let me cull 2 it out and pick the five most important things on that guideline and make sure we do those."

They focused their program on reducing infections in the central line, the tube inserted by needle into a patient's vein 3 to deliver medications and for other purposes. Central lines are a common source of serious infection in hospital intensive care units.

The checklist includes simple things like hand washing and disinfecting the skin before the central line is inserted. It has previously 4 been shown to reduce the infection rate to near zero.

But did a lower infection rate translate to a lower death rate?

To find out, Pronovost and his colleagues compared hospital deaths in the state of Michigan, where the checklist program was in use, with nearby states that weren't in the program.

"What we found was that the mortality of patients in Michigan went down by 10 percent more than if they were in the 11 surrounding states."

While the quality improvement program may be built around a simple checklist, Pronovost stresses that it really is about changing how medical staff work together so that, for example, doctors listen to nurses, not just the other way around.

"A big part of our program was this culture change, because when doctors were using the checklist, 25 percent of the time they forgot [one of the items], so we asked the nurses to work with the doctors. And if the nurses saw the doctors not comply with the checklist, they can make the doctors go back and fix the mistake."

Pronovost says the quality improvement program is cost-effective and well-suited to resource-poor hospitals and clinics. "We've done it in Peru and we've just started a program in Pakistan and we're looking to put it into Africa. So it absolutely works."



adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
v.拣选;剔除;n.拣出的东西;剔除
  • It is usually good practice to cull the poorest prior to field planting.通常在实践上的好方法是在出圃栽植前挑出最弱的苗木。
  • Laura was passing around photographs she'd culled from the albums at home.劳拉正在分发她从家里相册中挑选出的相片。
n.血管,静脉;叶脉,纹理;情绪;vt.使成脉络
  • The girl is not in the vein for singing today.那女孩今天没有心情唱歌。
  • The doctor injects glucose into the patient's vein.医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。
adv.以前,先前(地)
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
学英语单词
.ttf files
abreauvoir
affix a seal
arborine
autopilot engage and trim indicator
bad copy
battery terminal
block macromolecule
body hoop
bottom gradient electrode system
bulb nose
c-legs
calcaneocuboid articulation
carrier solvent
chinny reckon
Co-ferol
Cohengua, R.
control register instruction
core maximum heat flux (density)
Cortadren
cotton trousers
coupled valve
cursarary
differential earnings from land
diluent modifier
double out
drop-in commercial
ecological climatology
El Orégano
expense not allocated
fermented tea
fertility of soil
frustillatim
fuel refuse-derived
graviditas tuboabdominalis
heading (hdg)
heating systems
hierarchy model
His bark is worse than his bite.
hoglike
hold-over
I/O mode
Ilheus encephalitis
indian chocolates
invoicings
Johnson, Jack
Karvezide
keep one's eye on
khairulins
kick starter spring
krasorskii's method
Kronig's method
lane cake
leptospira tarassovi
lifeline pistol
literary youth
lulita
mean deviations
mediamax
microwave power module
nested sink
noninterchangeable
NSOC
Nupasal
oleostrut
on line service provider
order of reactor
patio doors
perecs
polyphase converter
pound the pavement
proceeding with
program clarity
proper energy
rate of strain tensor
reducing acid radical
regional unconformity
remote operated
rheostatic type automatic power factor regulator
Rosenmmuller's gland
Rzhevsky
sanitary napkin
sea damage for seller's account
self-balancing type
sepr.
servo
set a clock
simple proposition
slicklines
snip-snap
social density
sphero-cylindrical lenticular
St Anthony
staphyloma
telecommunication networks
territorial division of labor
Themistian
turn volume
water trumpet
Wedge Mountain
zizanin
Zyryanskoye