时间:2018-12-02 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(十二)月


英语课

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. This will just take a minute.


They call it culturomics: the obvious play on the word "genomics" looks at trends in human thought and culture. But scientists say culturomics has been hampered 1 by a lack of quantitative 2 data. So researchers at Harvard, along with Google, Encyclopedia 3 Britannica, and the American Heritage Dictionary, have come up with a new tool.


It's a database of 5.2 million books, published since the year 1500. That's four percent of all the books ever published, with a total of 500 billion words. The focus is on English language culture, so three quarters of the books are in English.


Among the first findings of the research, published in the journal Science: about, 8500 new words enter the English language annually 4. But many of them don't end up in dictionaries. And about fame—actors become famous around age 30, writers around 40, and politicians around 50. But the fame of politicians can eventually exceed that of actors.


A Google tool called the Books Ngram Viewer is available based on this data—users can track the usage and frequency of a word or phrase over the past few centuries. Thus, we can watch the fall and rise of Melville. And soon the rise and fall of Snooki.


Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Cynthia Graber.



1 hampered
妨碍,束缚,限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
  • So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。
2 quantitative
adj.数量的,定量的
  • He said it was only a quantitative difference.他说这仅仅是数量上的差别。
  • We need to do some quantitative analysis of the drugs.我们对药物要进行定量分析。
3 encyclopedia
n.百科全书
  • The encyclopedia fell to the floor with a thud.那本百科全书砰的一声掉到地上。
  • Geoff is a walking encyclopedia.He knows about everything.杰夫是个活百科全书,他什么都懂。
4 annually
adv.一年一次,每年
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。
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accountability partner
Acinos
active suspension
amential
amerceable, amerciable
aquafers
artemisinins
Aullene
banana aphid
Bennettiopsida
Board of Customs and Excise
Boston College
brivati
Caperea
cgta
chartale
Chlormagluminite
choke collars
cift
cluster-bomb
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cold-charged ingot
congrees
current partition
customer device circuit
cxp
de-centralising
diabase-tuff
Donau
echometry
EMDP
ethylenediaminetetracetates
fail in plant
family Meliphagidae
firepowers
fissistigma oldhami (hemsl.) merrr.
forwarding order
fractional representation
gerrish
gravyn
harcum
heavy-duty bag
high attenuation cable
highly-educated
house divided
If you cannot bite, never show your teeth.
in-memoriam
incipient scorch
intrasinusoidal
Kal'mius
karnataki (india)
lift platform
martyrologists
maxillary excess
mcbooks
milk character
mobile conveyor
Müllheim
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new development plan
normal photography
notched impact specimen
Nuremberg defences
ontologize
osmium catalyst
peak overlapping
penoches
phase function
phencarol
phytophthora cyperi-rotundati
picks them up
Piper austrosinense
PMNG
pomu
prankishly
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reckons for
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rope-drum
savoxepin
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sharedealers
shortage and damage
silo apex
singular correspondence
snow throwers
soldering bit
squirrelcide
stop slide
striking circle
subperitoneal appendicitis
suey
supplementary morpheme
taqs
test method
trace elements
Trachydium kingdon-wardii
trichothiodystrophy
unbefitting
unvoweled
veneered plywood
yellow spot fungus