时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2011年(八月)


英语课

Scientists Target Antibodies That Work Against Many HIV Mutations


The search for a vaccine 1 against HIV/AIDS has been disappointing, in part because the virus cleverly changes to elude 2 the antibodies of the human immune system. Now, scientists have identified antibodies that may be effective against a broad range of HIV mutations.

Vaccines 3 work by stimulating 4 the body's own immune system to mount a defense 5 against disease. But the human immune system just isn't very good at fighting off an HIV infection, in part because the virus is constantly mutating. That's been a big obstacle to developing an HIV vaccine, as Laura M. Walker of the Scripps Research Institute in California says.

"For HIV, current vaccines, because of the variability of the virus, don't induce antibodies that are able to recognize many different virus strains. And therefore, they usually are not very effective in preventing infection or preventing disease."

But Walker and her colleagues identified rare antibodies that were effective against a large number of the virus variations in circulation.

In the lab, they mixed those antibodies with HIV and saw that the virus was neutralized 6, and a relatively 7 small amount of antibodies did the trick.

"What's special about these antibodies is that they're able to inactivate 8 the viruses at very low concentrations, which means that if you could induce these antibodies by a vaccine, you wouldn't need very much of them to provide some protection, which we think is very hopeful in terms of vaccine design," Walker says.

The researchers isolated 9 specific molecules 10 from the antibodies that attacked new targets in the virus. Walker says these molecules might be used as what she calls templates for potential vaccines.

"Then, hopefully you can develop vaccine candidates that can induce these types of antibodies in a large population of people."

Walker is cautiously optimistic that her work may lead to an effective HIV vaccine. However, she says her approach may help protect people who are newly exposed to HIV, but probably won't benefit those who already carry the virus.



n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
v.躲避,困惑
  • If you chase it,it will elude you.如果你追逐着它, 它会躲避你。
  • I had dared and baffled his fury.I must elude his sorrow.我曾经面对过他的愤怒,并且把它挫败了;现在我必须躲避他的悲哀。
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
adj.有启发性的,能激发人思考的
  • shower gel containing plant extracts that have a stimulating effect on the skin 含有对皮肤有益的植物精华的沐浴凝胶
  • This is a drug for stimulating nerves. 这是一种兴奋剂。
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
v.使失效( neutralize的过去式和过去分词 );抵消;中和;使(一个国家)中立化
  • Acidity in soil can be neutralized by spreading lime on it. 土壤的酸性可以通过在它上面撒石灰来中和。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This strategy effectively neutralized what the Conservatives had hoped would be a vote-winner. 这一策略有效地冲淡了保守党希望在选举中获胜的心态。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
v.使…不活跃
  • We put bacteria in an environment at low temperature to inactivate them.我们将细菌置於低温的环境中使之失去活性。
  • Food processing destroys some nutrients,but can also inactivate toxins and increase the availability of other nutrients.食物加工破坏一些营养物质,但也可以灭活毒素,并增加其他营养物质的可用性。
adj.与世隔绝的
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
学英语单词
all-court game
Angevin empire
Anthochroite
asahinea chrysantha
axe wound
axial freedom
belittlements
biogenetic stimulation
biometric sample
bisexualness
boned
caruncul? hymenales
Cb.cal.
chaabi
change of ownership
chemoinduction
chiarelli
chickas
colloquial speech
cranial mammary gland vein
crast
crosstalk unit
dial indicator (gage)
eggshakes
elemental time
enclosed nonventilated motor
endogenous antidiuretic hormone
extremely coarsely crystalline
factas
felt damp-proof course
financial class
first-raters
flexible linear macromolecule
forearcs
Gentiana prostrata
goods liable to excise
gudgeon pin cover
Gymnostachyum
have a shot at
headless system
helitack crew
herwalds
horsenettle
invasive mole of parametrium
ionization vacuum ga(u)ge
isoclined
ivarsson
lamb's-wool
land base
land-metster
Lawson-eve
LICROSS
magnetic traveling crane
measurement basis
metastatic carcinoma of mediastinal lymph node
mikania scandenss
moisture permeability
moon buggy
muck-a-muck
multituyere distributor
Nhandeara
normal profit rate
number of outpatients
Ohrum
old wine in new bottles
oncorhynchus formosanus
oscillatoria
Peyrusse-Grande
physostab
plant viruses
pollux
porres
Prirechnyy
Randowaya
resistance type furnace
right of special permission
rux
scarrow
selected class
senior chief petty officer
Sevan trout
small scale air separation plant
snoopee
solvent segregation
speculatively
statistical uncertainty
structure of accounts
stuporous alienation
syntax statement
taraxacum officinales
taxable income brackets
technikmuseum
thermal halo
triple-bogeys
tyrosyl-glycine
Ubaidians
untapt
Voka
weight-trainings
WHMIS
zakanitch