时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2011年(八月)


英语课

Scientists Point to Possible Health Effects of Cell Phones


This past May, in a major policy shift, the World Health Organization said electromagnetic fields produced by mobile phones are possibly carcinogenic. Although the International Association for the Wireless 1 Telecommunication 2 Industry says there's no evidence that cell phones have a negative impact on health, many people are wondering exactly how electromagnetic fields, including those generated by cell phones, might harm them.

The World Health Organization says at least five billion people around the world use mobile phones and those who use them most frequently could be at risk for malignant 3 brain tumors.

Many scientists welcomed the WHO statement, but some said it did not go far enough because it didn't mention impacts on human health from cell towers and other wireless devices.

Camilla Reed is founder 4 and director of ElectromagneticHealth.org, an advocacy group that's been critical of the mobile phone industry. She explains the basics of electromagnetic fields.

“An electromagnetic field is a wave with a frequency. The frequency may be long or tight. It's energy; it's packets of energy that is a natural phenomenon on earth, but it is also modulated 5 by mankind to create telecommunication spectrums that are artificial frequencies that are not found in nature and that our bodies are not adapted to,” Reed said.

Reed says research on the biological impact of electromagnetic fields goes back to the 1950s. Those impacts include not only cancer, but other effects on living cells and their genetic 6 material, their DNA 7.

Reed is especially concerned about the growing pollution from electromagnetic fields near schools, like these cell phone antennas 8 next to a high school football field in a Washington suburb.

Scientists disagree about the health effects of electromagnetic fields. But they all agree that caution should be used when it comes to children, the most vulnerable group.

Some health experts believe the effects could be wide-ranging. Dr. Ashok Agarwal heads the Center for Reproductive Medicine at Cleveland Clinic. He has done several studies on the impact of cell phone use on male fertility.

“We demonstrated that men who use cell phones for more than four hours per day have a significant reduction in their semen quality in most of the semen parameters 9 such as sperm 10 count, mobility 11, and morphology,” Agarwal said.

Dr. Agarwal says other scientists have gone farther in finding damage to DNA and other changes attributed to electromagnetic fields.

Neuroscientist Nora Volkov, at the National Institutes of Health, has been using magnetic resonance 12 imaging ((MRIs)) to study human brain responses to electromagnetic fields.

“What our study does show is that the human brain is sensitive to the effects of electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposure, when the cell phones are placed by the side of the head,” Volkov said.

Volkov's study did not determine long-term impact. But she compares her initial studies to those done decades ago on the health effects of tobacco. She says scientists had to wait 15 to 30 years before there was conclusive 13 evidence that smoking causes cancer.

On the safety of cell phones, scientists offer these suggestions. “When it comes to children and adolescents, I would give the recommendation to parents to encourage them not to use the cell phone by the side of the head but instead to use the speaker phone mode or with a wire, and certainly would not recommend for them to sleep with their cell phones under their pillows," Volkov said.

Dr. Ashok Agarwal from Cleveland Clinic.

“The technology is very important for our day-to-day life, but we need to be aware that there may be some possible side effects that can be there with overuse of these technologies,” Agarwal said.

The evidence on the cancer-causing potential of cell phone radiation is not yet conclusive, but the World Health Organization's cautionary stand is certain to fuel intensified 14 research into electromagnetic fields and their impact on public health.



adj.无线的;n.无线电
  • There are a lot of wireless links in a radio.收音机里有许多无线电线路。
  • Wireless messages tell us that the ship was sinking.无线电报告知我们那艘船正在下沉。
n.电信,远距离通信
  • Telecommunication is an industry of service.电信业是一个服务型的行业。
  • I only care about the telecommunication quality and the charge.我只关心通信质量和资费两个方面。
adj.恶性的,致命的;恶意的,恶毒的
  • Alexander got a malignant slander.亚历山大受到恶意的诽谤。
  • He started to his feet with a malignant glance at Winston.他爬了起来,不高兴地看了温斯顿一眼。
n.创始者,缔造者
  • He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
  • According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说,罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。
已调整[制]的,被调的
  • He carefully modulated his voice. 他小心地压低了声音。
  • He had a plump face, lemur-like eyes, a quiet, subtle, modulated voice. 他有一张胖胖的脸,狐猴般的眼睛,以及安详、微妙和富于抑扬顿挫的嗓音。
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
[生] 触角,触须(antenna的复数形式)
  • Marconi tied several antennas to kites. 马可尼在风筝上系了几根天线。 来自超越目标英语 第3册
  • Radio astronomy today is armed with the largest antennas in the world. 射电天文学拥有世界上最大的天线。
因素,特征; 界限; (限定性的)因素( parameter的名词复数 ); 参量; 参项; 决定因素
  • We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
  • See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。
n.精子,精液
  • Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
  • In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中,一个精子使一个卵子受精。
n.可动性,变动性,情感不定
  • The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
  • Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。
n.洪亮;共鸣;共振
  • Playing the piano sets up resonance in those glass ornaments.一弹钢琴那些玻璃饰物就会产生共振。
  • The areas under the two resonance envelopes are unequal.两个共振峰下面的面积是不相等的。
adj.最后的,结论的;确凿的,消除怀疑的
  • They produced some fairly conclusive evidence.他们提供了一些相当确凿的证据。
  • Franklin did not believe that the French tests were conclusive.富兰克林不相信这个法国人的实验是结论性的。
v.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
  • The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
abhorring
acquired cleftpalate
advertence
aggrege
approximate true elongation percentage
aural detector
auto cutter
Berilo
bootlegs
bresnahan
capitalised value
chromises
clobedolum
cold atmospheric leaching
conjugata
conservativeness
container freight station to door
contextual protection
contract for carriage
copperas
cost-per-action
Crocethia
cryptanthus zonatus
cylindrical auger
Cymothoidae
deglutition centre
dilute phase roasting
disapprovest
discors
divergence
duking
echo-signal
electric resistance thermometer
endotransglycosylases
flash-over relay
garment container
hawksworth
hierarchical interrupt
hill-and-dale
Horheim
host unreachable
Indochinese, Indo-Chinese
inertially balanced stabilized platform
interchange circuits
kot
kuessel
Le Massegros
letter bundling machine
memory attribute list
micrometeoritic
MO-MLV
moroccoes
Mututu
naphthalic aicd
national grid compang
numbered unit
pain phosphorus
pallidotomies
parental rights and duties
partes subcutanea
payload deployment and retrieval system
petunia
platanthera chloranthas
platypelloid
porfiry
propagules
quenching crack
remi inferior ossis ischii
repair truck
Rhododendron aganniphum
rickson
scandium oxalate
sense of worth
servo surface encoding
set priorities
sidles
specification of quality
state guarantee
stony iron-meteorite
sulfuric acid monohydrate
sweet meat
tar-pot
ternity
transmitter distortion
trust fund bureau
two sample t-test
U Thant
unassailableness
undefined length record
under water concrete
valeriane
ventresca
vernier theodolite
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
way to go
weaponizing
weigelias
weightiest
wrast
yanagisawa
yowlings
zero check