时间:2019-01-13 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2010年(六)月


英语课

Chronic 1 Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, known as COPD, is a life-threatening illness commonly brought on by years of smoking.  The World Health Organization estimates that more than 200 million people have been diagnosed with the illness, and that most live in low- and middle-income countries.  While it isn't curable, patients' lives can be extended with treatment such as steroids.  A new study shows that low doses of the medicine given by mouth are equal to, or better than, a heavy dose administered intravenously.


Meet Dr. Francis Welch, a retired 2 dentist and now a patient diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.  He is paying the price for years of smoking. "I have to think about breathing 60 minutes of every hour.  It's a heck of a nuisance," he says.


Because COPD is an ailment 3 that blocks airflow in the lungs, it is critical that COPD patients often focus on breathing, exercise regularly and learn relaxation 4 techniques, especially when they are short of breath.  


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease stems from emphysema and chronic bronchitis, as well as asthmatic bronchitis. Other symptoms include wheezing 5, a chronic cough producing yellow mucous 6, and frequent respiratory infections.


The most common cause of COPD is long-term smoking or years of exposure to second-hand 7 smoke. 

Miners and workers in chemical industries also are vulnerable because of their exposure to dust, harmful chemicals and fumes 8.


Doctors say the damage brought on by these conditions eventually interrupts the natural exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.  When those conditions worsen, doctors often treat patients with steroids.


Dr. Peter Lindenauer of Tufts University School of Medicine and his colleagues studied COPD patients treated at 400 hospitals in 2006 and 2007. During hospitalization, patients were treated with steroids either intravenously or by mouth.  "The patients in the intravenous therapy group are receiving ten times as high a dose of steroids over the first two days of hospitalization, as compared to patients in the oral therapy group," he says.


In the study, patients who received lower doses of steroids by mouth spent less time in the hospital, and their risk of side effects such as glaucoma, high blood pressure and edema, or swelling 9 in the legs, was reduced.


Dr. Welch stopped smoking more than a decade ago, and he persuaded his son to quit also. "He saw me walking around with a can of liquid oxygen.  That got his attention.  He finally did smoke, quit smoking, thank God," he says.


The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

 



adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
n.疾病,小病
  • I don't have even the slightest ailment.我什么毛病也没有。
  • He got timely treatment for his ailment.他的病得到了及时治疗。
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
v.喘息,发出呼哧呼哧的喘息声( wheeze的现在分词 );哮鸣
  • He was coughing and wheezing all night. 他整夜又咳嗽又喘。
  • A barrel-organ was wheezing out an old tune. 一架手摇风琴正在呼哧呼哧地奏着一首古老的曲子。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
adj. 黏液的,似黏液的
  • Healthy,skin,mucous membranes,and cilia are natural barriers to many viruses.健康的皮肤,粘膜和纤毛是许多病毒的天然屏障。
  • Seromucous glands contain both mucous and serous cells.浆粘液腺既含有粘液性细胞,又含有浆液性细胞。
adj.用过的,旧的,二手的
  • I got this book by chance at a second-hand bookshop.我赶巧在一家旧书店里买到这本书。
  • They will put all these second-hand goods up for sale.他们将把这些旧货全部公开出售。
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体
  • The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
  • Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。
n.肿胀
  • Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
  • There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。
学英语单词
Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.
agrostemma githagoes
air conditioning design
anterior cusp
bilinears
blood eagle
blow their stack
botany bay figs
brefeldins
broad unemployment rate
caggy
camerlo
chloroethyl mercury
criminal statistics
decapitalised
DELREP
density, packing
dessicator
dianemobius jucundus
directional gyroscope
Durdevac
echinozoans
esthesiometry
failure correction time
family Regalecidae
federal assembly
flower-gardens
glycerolphospholipids
Granville County
Green theorem
Gruskin tests
harmonic tuning
hassar
heliocentric system
hodgett
hold something back
holothuria fuscocinerea
hydropenic
iffier
iliensis
inequality of pupils
international reference ellipsoid
kisd
kohlrausch vein
Kukizaki
lavaliere microphones
leather dyestuff
legacy code
logic decoder
Longwangmiaoan Age
low active program counter carry-in
low approach
make-work fallacy
MCORE
metif
Mollier's quadruple stain
mullah omars
Nazi Party
open plasma device
orthogonal pinch device
packing bolt
Paeonia ludlowii
penidiate
phytomicroorganism
planet surface exploration
pneumatic testing
polody origin
preconventional
q-feel
radices jalapae
rain-gage shield
re-amended
refuge harbor
rough mast
sammel blende
scritching
self-destructs
semi-automatic processing
semiaxis
shared electrons
shipowning
six-miler
skilled workmen
slow acetylation
so that's it
spring weight
square sleeker
surplus analysis
sweet wormwood
Teheran
tencnometer
the long arm of the law
tree sort
underdogs
unnava
unreasonable price
ventilated
vitial
water pollution abatement
wingless spacecraft
wirtschaftsprufer
world-changings