时间:2019-01-13 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2011年(十二月)


英语课

After USSR, Russia Rode Roller Coaster for 20 Years


When the Soviet 1 Union collapsed 3, Russia, the biggest member republic, embarked 4 on 20 years of unsteady independence.



It was a Christmas gift that anti-communists had prayed for, for seven decades. Mikhail Gorbachev announces that the Soviet Union would cease to exist on December 25, 1991.



But Russians follow a different religious calendar. And the following 20 years of Russian history have been rocky.



Less than two years after the Soviet collapse 2, communists in Russia’s parliament tried to depose 5 Russia’s first elected president, Boris Yeltsin.



In the heart of Moscow, tanks shelled the renegade parliament. When the fighting was over, more than 600 people were dead or wounded.



With the center weak, Russia’s Muslim fringes tried to secede 6. During the war in Chechnya, the capital, Grozny, was bombed so heavily, it looked like Stalingrad during World War II.



Peace was barely restored with the Chechens, when oil prices plummeted 7, triggering Russia’s financial collapse of 1998.



After the chaos 8 of the 1990s, Russians gravitated to Vladimir Putin, a little known KGB officer, who was elected president in 2000.



With a public relations team building his action image, Mr. Putin dominated the decade.



He confronted Russia’s oligarchs, putting the nation’s richest man, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, in jail - where he sits seven years later.



The Chechens fought back, using mass kidnappings of civilians 9 to confront the state.



Human rights abuses soared. And then someone killed the messenger on President Putin’s birthday.



In central Moscow, a gunman killed Anna Politkovskaya, a fearless reporter on Chechnya.



The outcry from the West had barely died down, when Russian tanks rolled into South Ossetia, a breakaway territory of Georgia.



Moscow said it was protecting its peacekeeping troops. But the tanks kept rolling into Georgia proper.



The war strengthened Mr. Putin to the point he seemed untouchable.



In September, he and President Dmitry Medvedev announced they would switch jobs after presidential elections next March.



But this backroom deal offends many Russians.



After a decade of economic growth, Russia’s new middle class wants more - political freedom.



Connected through the Internet, Russians are joining the largest demonstrations 10 seen here since the fall of communism.



The next one will be December 24.



adj.苏联的,苏维埃的;n.苏维埃
  • Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
  • Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
adj.倒塌的
  • Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
  • The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事
  • We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
  • She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
vt.免职;宣誓作证
  • The witness is going to depose.证人即将宣誓做证。
  • The emperor attempted to depose the Pope.皇帝企图废黜教皇。
v.退出,脱离
  • They plotted to make the whole Mississippi Valley secede from the United States.他们阴谋策划使整个密西西比流域脱离美国。
  • We won't allow Tibet to secede from China and become an independent nation.我们决不允许西藏脱离中国独立。
v.垂直落下,骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
  • A plane plummeted to earth. 一架飞机一头栽向地面。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.混乱,无秩序
  • After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后,城市一片混乱。
  • The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。
平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓
  • the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
  • At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后,至少有300名平民下落不明。
证明( demonstration的名词复数 ); 表明; 表达; 游行示威
  • Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
  • The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。
学英语单词
aluminium plate evaporator
amyotonias
application network
balbo
bronner's acid
building complex
Burmesia
by-spine
capital construction project audit
Chase Manhattan Asia Limited
cloth merchant
combined fuel economy
compensating of load
Congo coffee
contest competition
crank bearing metal
crowed
crushing strength under high temperature
crystal enamel
destabilisers
dihydrostreptose
domestic garden
drilling data base
duty call
dynamic alteration
Euterpe oleracea
exchange broker
F-ERG
fishing-tube
forwell
genus Bougainvillaea
going-to
grey heron
heat sinking capability
hemi-tetragonal trisoctahedron
house air bill
hum-um
hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
initial credit balance
intermittent cramps
Ismailovo
kecklings
Kras(Karst)
letter of countermart
low dimension
Maboulou
main power source
mantle cone
masking-out
Mason County
matrix notation
mechanical metamorphism
microfilmed
misevaluated
motor guarantee fund
naked debenture
name length
Nemastomataceae
nidhug
nitrocellulose method
non agricultural
non-incorporated
nonprestressed reinforcement
nonvampires
outgoing calls barred
path length
peoplers
positive hypergeometric distribution
pure literal rule
radiolocations
Ravennese
red-legged partridges
reference critical stress intensity factor
required number
rowlock bolster
rules on air warfare
rusty gold
Saddell Castle
seamewes
Seapatrick
Solberga
southeasts
sparnacian subage
squelched
supply - side economics
swizzling
tantalian cassiterite
tax agent
thorington
toastie
transitory bud
transmissibillity coefficient of aquifer
transparency dye
transport symbol
traumatic sinuses
trial and error theory
tubero-hypophyseal
unbiased estimate of population variance
unlabelled compound
water birches
Well-diversified portfolio