时间:2019-01-13 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2011年(十二月)


英语课

Arab Spring Brought Major Change, Challenges to Middle East


The wave of popular uprisings that swept the Arab world were as unexpected as they were cataclysmic. Long-reigning rulers fell, others teeter on the brink 1, and the region is forever changed.



The Arab Spring started with a death: in early January, protesters took to the streets of Tunisia in solidarity 2 with a young fruit vendor 3 who, despairing of the brutal 4 system under which he lived, set himself on fire.



It was a death that gave life to a movement that was to alter the course of the Middle East and North Africa.



For decades, political life in the region was stagnant 5. Nominal 6 republics were the realm of a wealthy few, with kingly aspirations 7 to see their sons carry on the business of state. It seemed nothing would change, but then it all did all at once.



The revolt against tyranny, simmering for years, reached a breaking point. For many, there was no turning back.



"One of the scenes that we've seen in many of the Arab Spring countries, first in Tunisia, then in Egypt, then in Libya and Syria are these images, usually of young men, who are willing to die for ideals of freedom, for notions of rights in front of security officials with guns in city after city and this new courage to stand up to abuse we have seen, really is what has fueled the Arab Spring," noted 8 Heba Morayef of Human Rights Watch.



The protesters learned from each other, for to a large extent, they were fighting the same thing. The very nature of leaderships that were so repressive proved to be their mutual 9 undoing 10.



"They all had the same system - a military, intelligence, police state - like in Tunisia, like in Egypt, like in Yemen, like in Syria, like in Libya, the same system, so it is catching," noted Said Sadek of American University in Cairo. "Once you have something affecting the domino, the whole dominoes is affected 11."



The uprisings changed not only the rulers of these states, but unsettled long-standing alliances.



"It's brought in this sort of sense of unpredictability about the Middle East which seemed to be such a stable region: authoritarian 12 rulers would hand on power to their children in many cases and where the international community could rely upon having certain friends in the region who would guarantee stability. I think those understandings of the Middle East have been broken," Morayef explained.



The jury is still out on whether the protests will bring the hoped for transition to representative governments. Some see the rise of Islamist parties in Tunisia and Egypt as a threat to a democratic transition.



And for others in the region, the struggle continues.



But one thing is certain, these fearless young people have become a constituency, one every new Arab leader from now on must deal with.



n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘,边沿
  • The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
  • The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。
n.团结;休戚相关
  • They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
  • The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。
n.卖主;小贩
  • She looked at the vendor who cheated her the other day with distaste.她厌恶地望着那个前几天曾经欺骗过她的小贩。
  • He must inform the vendor immediately.他必须立即通知卖方。
adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的
  • She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
  • They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼,骨子里却是野蛮残忍。
adj.不流动的,停滞的,不景气的
  • Due to low investment,industrial output has remained stagnant.由于投资少,工业生产一直停滞不前。
  • Their national economy is stagnant.他们的国家经济停滞不前。
adj.名义上的;(金额、租金)微不足道的
  • The king was only the nominal head of the state. 国王只是这个国家名义上的元首。
  • The charge of the box lunch was nominal.午餐盒饭收费很少。
强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 ); 志向; 发送气音; 发 h 音
  • I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
  • The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
n.毁灭的原因,祸根;破坏,毁灭
  • That one mistake was his undoing. 他一失足即成千古恨。
  • This hard attitude may have led to his undoing. 可能就是这种强硬的态度导致了他的垮台。
adj.不自然的,假装的
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
n./adj.专制(的),专制主义者,独裁主义者
  • Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
  • The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。
学英语单词
aircraft control
allochthonous limestone
anal cerari
andre weils
apreciate
asclepiadaceae mildweed family
athletic training
backward flow forming
base and bracket
Bernsdorf
blast chiller
censurer
Chomskyist
chromosome set
Claonaig
code interpreter
conterion
continuous hot strip mill
cotija
crank up something
credulities
cross section paper
current problem
cyclorotation
decreased overhead
deductions from gross payroll
double-list sorting
double-tube method
drift-way
eccentric orbit
elementary body
European black and white
family practice
farm plot for one's personal needs
fingerpaint
gasp at
guard-rooms
Hammurabi
hand held computer
hand on heart
handbrake
hernioenterotomy
IEDB
image plane scanner
infraglenoid tubercles
input vector
Jales
karnatakin
klontz
klutznick
laurestina
leg formula
line alveolar
main rod brass wedge bolt
momma's boy
mouth-tooth diseases
notre - dame de paris
number jumped
numericise
one over one address code
oryzopses
perforated distribution plate
permeability and acid resisting binder
phalangeal cell
photoelectric cathode photoelectric cell
plantar metatarsal arteries
Polish language
Psephellus
public-intoxication
pyramidiot
rajaan
reciprocal chiasmata
relative bending radius
Rhaponticum carthamoides
right lower abdomen
Sarmanovo
scattered ion intensity
Sec Def
Sir Harold George Nicolson
sissonne ouverte
sizing machinery
sodium carbonte
spuddle
stiff as a board
stochastic disturbance
storage(tank)
strategic opportunities
suspended-level viscometer
table-setting
talk down
testamenti factio passiva
the big five
The Holy Spirit
theory of controls
Trollope,Frances Milton
uncoupled bond
united states postal services
vaa
vetoproof
volder
wind-shadows
wonderwater