时间:2019-01-13 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2012年(一月)


英语课

Obama Strategy on Arab Spring Served US Interests


December 17, 2010, in Tunisia. A street vendor 1, Mohamed Bouaziz, sets himself on fire in a protest against government policies and dies, becoming the catalyst 2 for a Tunisian revolution and the Arab Spring.

Within months, demonstrations 3 arise in Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is ousted 4.

And by year's end, Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi is dead.

The U.S. and NATO provided air support to protect civilians 5 against government forces in Libya.

US backs Arab reform

But the Arab Spring proved hard to predict. Leaders both friendly and unfriendly to the U.S. fell, and it wasn't until May that Obama firmly put the U.S. on the side of Arab reform.

"We support political and economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa that can meet the legitimate 6 aspirations 7 of ordinary people throughout the region. Our support for these principles is not a secondary interest," said Obama.

Eventual 8 support by the U.S. for the Arab Spring prompted criticism that the administration had not been as supportive of Iranian protesters in 2009. But U.S. presidents often face difficult decisions where revolutions are concerned, said Walter Russell Mead 9, professor of foreign affairs and humanities at Bard 10 College.

"I think the idea that an American president of any party can sort of figure out from day one the deep master plan for dealing 11 with revolutionary transformations 13 in half a dozen strategically important countries, you know when you put it that way you realize that you can't," said Mead.

Applying key values

Obama based U.S. policy on core principles: opposing violence, universal rights and the right of people to choose their own leaders.

Were his calculations correct? Yes, says Kurt Werthmuller, a researcher at the Hudson Institute Center for Religious Freedom.

“I think we do have to address that, there has been a relationship, there has been an inspiration from one place to another, but every part of the Arab world is unique," said Werthmuller.

Hurdles 14 ahead

Samuel Tadros of the Hudson Institute said that while Obama was correct to not take a single, blanket approach, rapidly moving events at times drove administration policies.

"The administration’s answer to the Arab Spring very much reflected this interest in not being sidelined by the events of history, of jumping into the wagon 15 of what was obviously taking place. And thus in many cases, an initial cautiousness that should have been there was removed and the street was driving the action rather than a clear policy in that regard," said Tadros.

Tadros and other regional experts caution that events in the Middle East are part of a long-term transformation 12, with risks, including the potential rise of Islamism in Egypt and potential civil war in Syria. They say the process will take decades to play out and will remain a challenge for U.S. presidents.



n.卖主;小贩
  • She looked at the vendor who cheated her the other day with distaste.她厌恶地望着那个前几天曾经欺骗过她的小贩。
  • He must inform the vendor immediately.他必须立即通知卖方。
n.催化剂,造成变化的人或事
  • A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction.催化剂是一种能加速化学反应的物质。
  • The workers'demand for better conditions was a catalyst for social change.工人们要求改善工作条件促进了社会变革。
证明( demonstration的名词复数 ); 表明; 表达; 游行示威
  • Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
  • The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。
驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 ); 革职; 罢黜; 剥夺
  • He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
  • He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。
平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓
  • the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
  • At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后,至少有300名平民下落不明。
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 ); 志向; 发送气音; 发 h 音
  • I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
  • The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。
adj.最后的,结局的,最终的
  • Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
  • Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。
n.蜂蜜酒
  • He gave me a cup of mead.他给我倒了杯蜂蜜酒。
  • He drank some mead at supper.晚饭时他喝了一些蜂蜜酒。
n.吟游诗人
  • I'll use my bard song to help you concentrate!我会用我的吟游诗人歌曲帮你集中精神!
  • I find him,the wandering grey bard.我发现了正在徘徊的衰老游唱诗人。
n.经商方法,待人态度
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
n.变化;改造;转变
  • Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
  • He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。
n.变化( transformation的名词复数 );转换;转换;变换
  • Energy transformations go on constantly, all about us. 在我们周围,能量始终在不停地转换着。 来自辞典例句
  • On the average, such transformations balance out. 平均起来,这种转化可以互相抵消。 来自辞典例句
n.障碍( hurdle的名词复数 );跳栏;(供人或马跳跃的)栏架;跨栏赛
  • In starting a new company, many hurdles must be crossed. 刚开办一个公司时,必须克服许多障碍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • There are several hurdles to be got over in this project. 在这项工程中有一些困难要克服。 来自辞典例句
n.四轮马车,手推车,面包车;无盖运货列车
  • We have to fork the hay into the wagon.我们得把干草用叉子挑进马车里去。
  • The muddy road bemired the wagon.马车陷入了泥泞的道路。
学英语单词
acoustic damping parameter
actual sin
alternative depth
Barber, Samuel
beyonces
bruichladdich
budget study
Cajnice
Cayley graph
cextract
collapse model of corporate image
commutative primitive
concrete bathing and mixing plant
contray
coping style
crawler width
dcASM
deciseconds
demme
deslime
dextrinizing
distillate hold-up tank
divvies
edeagra
electronical integration assembly
eloping
eurotra
eutopium chelate laser
flexible polymer
free setting ratio
frictionary
g-cal,g-cal.
Gaius Cassius Longinus
giant oarfish
graphic symbol
Great Abaco
guaethol
heartachingly
hexosemonophosphate pathway
ideation management
information group seperator
internetize
inworks
ISDS
Islamophile
kamimuria lepida
labour saving device
lexical redundancy rule
main patent
mantel-tree
material requested
maturation zone
maximum water holding capacity
MEAP
merchandise inventory initial
mode simulator
mpri
n-resonance
NAPG
nazek
NPRINT
oil gaging tape
olazbal
operating system service
ototoxicology
paddy field
pail for used dressings
pepsinogen-ii
picture synchronization transmission system
platinum-wire ring
PMS
popistry
Presumed Choice of Law
radial armature
rammer
recompensers
reinventive
renipelvic
resin catcher
right most terminal set
rudder-head shaft
self-cleaning contacts
Serratia marcescens
sexual harassment in the workplace
sit for the examination
skill worker
stand someone up
steinhorn
stratocumuli
Strömfors
study hall
subsultive
talent introduction
tertiary constriction
tie something up
tolui
torpedo testing barge
unaddicted
Valley Stream
variable geometry aircraft
whitemetal lining
wrastle