VOA慢速英语2014 AS IT IS 2014-03-02 Building a Windbreak to Protect Crops 建设防风保护农作物

Building a Windbreak to Protect Crops 建设防风保护农作物

Welcome to As It Is, from VOA Learning English. I’m Karen Leggett in Washington. Thanks for joining us.

欢迎光临，As It Is美国之音学英语。我是Karen Leggett在华盛顿。感谢您加入我们。

Today we have two stories dealing 1 with agriculture. Wetell about some researchers and their efforts to makelife easier for farmers in developing countries.

今天，我们有两个故事涉及农业。Wetell一些研究人员和他们的努力makelife更容易为发展中国家的农民。

But first, we report on efforts to protect crops and thesoil around them. Soil conservation methods helpfarmers protect their land from the damage caused byfarming and the forces of nature. One method of soilconservation is the use of windbreaks. Bob Doughtyhas our report.

但首先，我们报告的努力，以保护农作物和thesoil他们周围。土壤养护方法helpfarmers保护他们的土地免受byfarming的破坏和自然的力量。soilconservation的一种方法是利用防风林。鲍勃Doughtyhas我们的报告。

Building a Windbreak to Protect Crops

建设防风保护农作物

Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. Farmers plantthese barriers around their fields.

防风林是由树木和其他植物形成障碍。农民plantthese围绕各自领域的障碍。

Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil.

防风林有助于防止土壤流失。

They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind fromdamaging or destroying crops.

他们阻止风刮起的土壤了。他们还保持风fromdamaging或毁坏庄稼。

Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example,studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studiesfound that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fieldsprotected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.

防风林可保护粮食作物非常有价值的。例如，研究已经在西非的部分地区进行的防风林。这些studiesfound，相对于没有这些领域的谷物收成提高多达20％的由防风林fieldsprotected。

But here is something interesting about windbreaks. They seem to work bestwhen they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plantsaround a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift thesoil. Then the soil will be blown away.

但这里是一些有趣的关于防风林。他们似乎工作bestwhen他们让一些风穿过树木的屏障或plantsaround的字段。如果没有，那么空气接近地面的运动将解除thesoil。那么土会被吹走。

For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only 60 to 80 percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy ruleto remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.

出于这个原因，一个防风效果最好，如果它包含将需要使实线的树木和植物的仅60％至80％。一个简单的ruleto记住的是，防风林可以保护区到最高的树木，防风10倍的高度。

There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should belarge trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or otherplants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the bestchoices for windbreaks.

应在每个防风至少两条线路。一号线应该belarge树。第二行，在它旁边，可以短树木或otherplants树叶。当地种植的树木和植物被认为是bestchoices防风林。

Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well even if the qualityof the land is not very good. One kind of tree is the white pine. Another is theloblolly pine.

有研究表明，某些种类的树木生长良好，即使品质为土地不是很好。一种树是白松。另一种是theloblolly松。

Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees canbe cut down and used or sold for wood.

防风林不仅保护土地和庄稼从风。盈余投到树木砍伐和使用或出售的木材。

Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protectsoil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable servicefor agriculture. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.

树木减少风和雨的破坏性影响。他们的根帮助protectsoil被冲走。树木可以提供另一种有价值的servicefor农业。他们可以提供草食动物从遮阳。

I'm Bob Doughty 2.

我是Bob Doughty。

You are listening to As It Is, VOA’s daily program for people learning English. I’m Karen Leggett in Washington.

您现在收听的，As It Is，美国之音的人学习英语的日常程序。我是凯伦莱格特在华盛顿举行。

Farming without big machines is hard work. Planting and fertilizing 3 alone cantake days in the hot sun. Researchers are working to develop simplemachines to make life easier for farmers in the developing world. They alsowould like to help the farmers save money. Christopher Cruise has more.

种地没有大的机器是艰苦的工作。种植和施肥独冠德天在炎热的阳光下。研究人员正在努力开发simplemachines让生活在发展中国家更容易为农民。他们alsowould喜欢帮助农民省钱。克里斯托弗·克鲁斯也将为您报道更多。

Simple Machines for Small Farmers

简单机械的小农户

The sound you hear is Jelle Van Loon 4 swinging a longmetal hoe with just two flat teeth. He is testing a modelof a hand-held planting tool designed for small-scalefarmers. With each stroke, one tooth plants a seed: theother, a little fertilizer.

你听到的声音是耶勒房龙挥舞longmetal锄头只有两个扁平的牙齿。他正在测试一种modelof手持种植工具，旨在为小scalefarmers。随着互搏，一个齿植物的种子：换另一支，有点肥。

Jelle Van Loon is not a farmer. He is an engineer at theInternational Maize 5 and Wheat Improvement Center inMexico. The center is known by its Spanish name,CIMMYT.

耶勒房龙不是农民。他是一名工程师在国际肥胖玉米和小麦改良中心inMexico。该中心是由它的西班牙名字，CIMMYT知道。

Mr. Van Loon is working to develop low-cost tools for small scale farmersaround the world. He hopes the tools will save them work, time and money. Usually he starts with a piece of equipment built somewhere else.

先生房龙正致力于开发低成本的工具适用于小规模farmersaround世界。他希望该工具将节省他们的工作，时间和金钱。平时他开始与一台设备建立在其他地方。

“Some are Chinese-made, some are Brazilian-made, where already a lot ofeffort has been done for small-scale farmers. But the idea is to get theseimplements here, test them on the fields, and extract what works for us.”

“有些是中国制造的，有些是巴西制造的，在那里已经有很多ofeffort已经进行了小规模的农民。但这个想法是让theseimplements这里，测试它们的字段，并提取什么适合我们。“

An example is a hand-planter from Brazil. The long, wooden v-shaped toolhas a piece of metal on the bottom for breaking up the soil. Opening the armsof a part shaped like the letter V loads seed and fertilizer into the metal tip.

一个例子是一个手的播种机来自巴西。长，木v形toolhas在底部分手土壤一块金属。打开armsof形状像字母V负载种子和化肥成金属尖端的一部分。

This tool is faster and costs less than planting by hand. It uses less seed andfertilizer. It can also reduce the time required for planting and fertilizing a two-hectare farm in half.

这个工具是速度更快，成本更低比手工种植。它使用较少的种子andfertilizer。它也可以减少所需的种植和施肥半两公顷的农场的时间。

The planter still costs about $200 to make. But Jelle Van Loon thinks the finalproduct will cost less. But he says more work is needed. He broke the chainholding the two sides of the V part together. And the wood expanded as aresult of the tropical rain in Mexico. So the researchers changed the woodand used a stronger chain. They are now testing their fourth version of theplanter.

种植成本仍约200元作。但耶勒房龙认为finalproduct将花费更少。但他表示，更多的工作是必要的。他打破了V部的chainholding双方在一起。而且木材作为扩大在墨西哥的热带雨林综合因素的产物。因此，研究人员改变了woodand使用更强的链。他们正在测试theplanter他们的第四个版本。

Mr. Van Loon says CIMMYT will publish plans for the tool on the Internet afterthe group has found what works.

先生房龙说CIMMYT将公布计划在互联网上的工具afterthe小组发现是什么在起作用。

“So every part is drawn 6 and analyzed 7, what kind of material you have to use. And this goes to the blacksmiths locally, and to the farmers, so that both canargue what should be done.”

“因此，每一个部分绘制和分析，你有什么样的材料来使用。而这正好给了铁匠本地，给农民，这样既canargue应该做什么。“

However, a tool may work great in one area, but not in another. This may be aresult of weather conditions, soil or other issues. So local manufacturers willhave to make minor 8 changes to the tool based on where they plan to sell it.

然而，一个工具可能会在一个区域工作的伟大，但不是在另一个。这可以被综合因素的产物的天气条件，土壤或其他问题。所以本地厂商willhave根据他们打算出售它做小的改动的工具。

From VOA Learning English, I’m Christopher Cruise.

美国之音学英语，我是克里斯托弗·克鲁斯。