时间:2019-01-11 作者:英语课 分类:VOA慢速英语2009年(十一)月


英语课

VOICE ONE:


I'm Steve Ember.


VOICE TWO:


And I'm Barbara Klein with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.


This week, we tell about the biggest system of freshwater lakes in the world, the Great Lakes between the United States and Canada. They are busy shipping 1 paths. They are also known for fierce and deadly storms. Today, we tell about the lakes and some famous shipwrecks 3.


(MUSIC)


VOICE ONE:
 
A painting of Etienne Brule by F.S. Challener


Even before European explorers first saw the Great Lakes, they provided Native Americans with a way to transport goods. Probably the first European to see and explore the Great Lakes was Frenchman Etienne Brule in the early sixteen hundreds. He lived among the Huron Indians. All but one of the Great Lakes has a name from Native American languages: Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario. The biggest lake, Superior, was named by the French. But the Ojibwe Indians knew it as Gitchigumi, or "big water."


VOICE TWO:


The Great Lakes are part of a waterway that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the center of North America. Ships can enter the Saint Lawrence River on the east coast of Canada and travel to Chicago, Illinois or Duluth, Minnesota.


Vessels 7 on the Great Lakes are not called ships, but boats. However, boats on the lakes can be huge. The newest of the lake freighters is over three hundred meters long.


The Griffin was the one of the first sailing vessel 6 on the Great Lakes and also among the first shipwrecks. French explorer and trader Rene-Robert Cavelier De La Salle, built it in sixteen seventy-nine. The boat set sail from an island in northern Lake Michigan. La Salle reached what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin. He sent the boat back home with a load of animal fur. No one ever saw the Griffin again. The loss of the Griffin established a long tradition of danger and mystery linked to Great Lakes travel.


VOICE ONE:
 
A boat entering the Soo Locks


Trade on the lakes increased. Soon, settlers came to the area. They grew crops and harvested wood, sending products to markets by boat. Then, expanding communities needed coal which was also shipped.


In the eighteen forties, iron ore was discovered in the Marquette Mountains in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Iron ore, the main raw material of steel, changed the lakes area and the nation.


In eighteen fifty-five, the first canal connecting Lake Superior with Lake Huron was completed at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. The Soo Locks linked iron mines near Lake Superior with the cities of Detroit, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio and Chicago, Illinois. Today, the Soo Locks are the world's busiest.


VOICE TWO:


Passenger travel also grew on the Great Lakes. Big steamboats carried hundreds of people between cities. But the threat of fire came with the new steam technology. The worst fire disaster happened on Lake Erie in eighteen fifty.


The G.P. Griffith was traveling from Buffalo 8, New York to Chicago with about three hundred men, women and children. Many were immigrants from England, Ireland and Germany.


Not far east of Cleveland, a fire broke out. As the flames spread, passengers and crew panicked. More than a hundred people jumped into the lake and drowned. Others burned. Only a few strong swimmers survived. But not a single child and only one woman was saved.


(MUSIC)


VOICE ONE:
 
The Lady Elgin


With thousands of boats on the lakes, collisions became a real danger. The deadliest took place in eighteen sixty in southern Lake Michigan. The steamer Lady Elgin was carrying passengers from Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Chicago to hear a speech by Democratic presidential candidate Stephen Douglas. As many as five to six hundred people were on board, many of Irish ancestry 9.


A storm blew up on the return trip to Milwaukee. The Augusta, a boat carrying wood, was sailing south at high speed. It struck the Lady Elgin. But the Augusta's Captain D.M. Malott continued on to Chicago, failing to help victims on the passenger boat.


Captain Jack 10 Wilson struggled to save the Lady Elgin. But the boat soon sank. Hundreds of passengers struggled to hold on to the floating wreckage 11. Powerful waves crashing against a rocky coast drowned many people. The captain fought to save as many people as he could until he too was lost.


Northwestern University student Edward Spencer was another hero. He swam from shore and rescued seventeen people. The wreck 4 of the Lady Elgin remains 12 the worst loss of life on open water in the Great Lakes. Recent studies say four hundred or more people died that night.


VOICE TWO:
 
The William H. Truesdale in a storm on Lake Erie in the 1930s


As the nation's need for steel grew, bigger ships were built to carry iron ore. They sailed on the lakes until late November. Shipping in the upper Great Lakes mostly stops in late fall because of ice. But November storms can be deadly.


The worst weather disaster on the lakes happened in nineteen thirteen. The early November winds reached hurricane force and caused waves eleven meters high. By the time the storm eased, eight big boats were lost on Lake Huron alone. They included the Canadian freighter James Carruthers which disappeared with twenty-two men. Its wreck has never been found. The storm, sometimes called the "Big Blow," killed more than two hundred fifty people.


VOICE ONE:


Some of the biggest boats to ever sail the lakes have been lost in sudden November storms. In nineteen fifty-eight, the Carl D. Bradley was heading home at the end of the shipping season. It first launched thirty years before. At the time, it was the biggest boat on the Lakes. But during a storm on Lake Michigan, the Bradley split in two. Only two of its crew of thirty-five survived.


The Edmund Fitzgerald was launched the same year the Bradley sank. The Fitzgerald was two hundred twenty meters long. It was the biggest boat on the lakes when it entered service. It would become the most famous shipwreck 2 of all.


Canadian folksinger Gordon Lightfoot told the story of the tragedy in "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald."


(MUSIC)


VOICE TWO:
 
The Edmund Fitzgerald


On November tenth, nineteen seventy-five, the Fitzgerald was sailing on Lake Superior. It was struggling through a dangerous storm that the old sailors called a "November witch." It had lost its radar 13 and the old lighthouse at Whitefish Point, Michigan was not operating.


Captain Ernest McSorley radioed another freighter, the Arthur Anderson, that his boat was taking on water. He was making for the safety of Whitefish Bay. But that night the weather got worse. The Anderson reported winds of about one hundred forty kilometers an hour and waves ten meters high.


Captain McSorley told the Anderson: "We are holding our own." But that was the last anyone heard from the Edmund Fitzgerald. The boat and twenty-nine men disappeared into Lake Superior minutes later.


(MUSIC)


VOICE ONE:
 
Exhibits inside the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum at Whitefish Point


Tom Farnquist is executive director of the Great Lakes Historical Shipwreck Society. In nineteen ninety-five, he was part of an effort to recover the Fitzgerald's bell. The bronze bell is now preserved at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum at Whitefish Point, Michigan. Each year on November tenth, a ceremony is held there to remember the crew members of the Fitzgerald.


Tom Farnquist knows as much about shipwrecks on the Great Lakes as anyone.


TOM FARNQUIST: "The lakes are very treacherous 14. There's over six thousand and some estimate as high as anywhere to ten to twelve thousand shipwrecks on the Great Lakes."


VOICE TWO:


Today, thousands of people dive at shipwreck preserves all around the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes Historical Shipwreck Society works to preserve and explain the history and importance of the area's wrecks 5. The group was established in nineteen seventy-eight. It has grown to over one thousand seven hundred members.


Each year, tens of thousands of people visit the shipwreck museum at Whitefish Point. Great Lakes shipwrecks continue to capture the imagination of Americans from all over the country.


Tom Farnquist says shipwrecks are exciting because they preserve a detailed 15 picture of maritime 16 life that can be hundreds of years old. He says Lake Superior may be one of the most interesting places for this kind of exploration.


TOM FARNQUIST: "It's quite a cross-section of American maritime history frozen in time on the Great Lakes. There's probably the best selection of shipwrecks anywhere in the world waiting to be found in Lake Superior."


(MUSIC)


VOICE ONE:


This program was written and produced by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.


VOICE TWO:


And I'm Barbara Klein. Transcripts 17, MP3s and podcasts of our programs are at voaspecialenglish.com. You can also find a link to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum. Join us again next week for Explorations in VOA Special English.



n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
n.船舶失事,海难
  • He walked away from the shipwreck.他船难中平安地脱险了。
  • The shipwreck was a harrowing experience.那次船难是一个惨痛的经历。
海难,船只失事( shipwreck的名词复数 ); 沉船
  • Shipwrecks are apropos of nothing. 船只失事总是来得出人意料。
  • There are many shipwrecks in these waters. 在这些海域多海难事件。
n.失事,遇难;沉船;vt.(船等)失事,遇难
  • Weather may have been a factor in the wreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。
  • No one can wreck the friendship between us.没有人能够破坏我们之间的友谊。
n.沉船( wreck的名词复数 );(事故中)遭严重毁坏的汽车(或飞机等);(身体或精神上)受到严重损伤的人;状况非常糟糕的车辆(或建筑物等)v.毁坏[毁灭]某物( wreck的第三人称单数 );使(船舶)失事,使遇难,使下沉
  • The shores are strewn with wrecks. 海岸上满布失事船只的残骸。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • My next care was to get together the wrecks of my fortune. 第二件我所关心的事就是集聚破产后的余财。 来自辞典例句
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管
  • The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
  • You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人
  • The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.(北美)野牛;(亚洲)水牛
  • Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
  • The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。
n.祖先,家世
  • Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
  • He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
  • I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
  • He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
n.(失事飞机等的)残骸,破坏,毁坏
  • They hauled him clear of the wreckage.他们把他从形骸中拖出来。
  • New states were born out of the wreckage of old colonial empires.新生国家从老殖民帝国的废墟中诞生。
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
n.雷达,无线电探测器
  • They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
  • Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。
adj.不可靠的,有暗藏的危险的;adj.背叛的,背信弃义的
  • The surface water made the road treacherous for drivers.路面的积水对驾车者构成危险。
  • The frozen snow was treacherous to walk on.在冻雪上行走有潜在危险。
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
n.抄本( transcript的名词复数 );转写本;文字本;副本
  • Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样,都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
  • You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书,你就不能参加转学考试。 来自辞典例句
学英语单词
abustles
afibrinogenaemic
albomycetin
arranged marriage
BFUP
cappa
chain home beamed
chalutzim
chronicle of school
citrus leaf-miner
cowboy economy
data longevity
decentralized stochastic control
Dewi, Saint
differencing
directional radio
dominant tone
drafts
Duncan I.
earthed concentric wiring system
eusintomycin
externally heating
faciobrachialis
fancy oneself as
fifty-somethings
fore pressure
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gateway-to-gateway protocol
gelatin tube
get stuck in the mire
hay-seed
hoerr
holthe
hyperergic
import cargoes
inadequate diet
indirect initiation
knock someone's eyes out
knowledge-oriented
Kuibyshev
laugh sth to scorn
Laves' phases
lecointre
left inverse element
Leg-Over
length of boss
Lermontov, MikhailYurievich
Linda Vista
Linneryd
liquid nitrogen freezing system
liquor tyrothricini
load-deflection relation
looked after
magnifiable
manstration
Mary Cassatt
medrysone
milltailings
mixed ores
monensin
negroponte
nongoal
Ossietzky
Panxworth
paramukta
Parkhurst
part-drawing
Periptychus
pestle mill
phenagle
pipeline inventories
point probe-dynamic characteristic method
police judge
potyvirus konjak mosaic virus
quarter-bell
quenching and high temperature tempering
ramus ilicus
real-time application
resection through cervical approach
right-to-left rule
rotto
safe in life and limb
sample frequency
scientise
see ... off
semiconductor particle detector
settlingss
Shubat Enlil
soapy water
soft HRM
sputum
supplementary appropriation
Telotremata
texting codes
the bitter truth
the dogs of war
trichosurus vulpeculas
tubb
unholding
view(in computer graphics)
walking orders
X-ray fluorescences