GRE写作：如何应用实例完成Issue 段落
英语课
很多同学在复习Issue时往往感到困惑，很多时候面对着一个话题，无法整理出连贯的思路和相应的英文表达。导致这一现象的原因主要可以归纳成两点：1， 中文思路匮乏，即便是用中文也无话可说;2， 有话可说，但是无法用英文连贯表达。想要解决上述连个问题，最简单的方法就是在写作复习的过程中，以素材为中心，进行构造练习。
英文写作中常有一句话，叫做“无例不文”，即没有实例就无法展开一片议论文。 实例，也就是我们常说的素材的灵活运用会从很大程度上增强论述的说服力。在逻辑写作中，考官更希望看到考生能熟练的使用具体而典型的实例，并通过对实例的分析来展开论述。遗憾的是，大部分中国考生对于实例的储备往往不是很充足，导致了在考场上无话可写的尴尬境地。为了解决这一问题，考生在复习阶段，熟悉题库完善提纲的同时，也应积极思考针对于每一道题相应的实例。
在这里，我们选择一道Issue题来具体讨论如何应用实例来完成Issue 段落。 比如，题库的第61题：
61 People should undertake risky 1 action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.
题目内容： 只有在仔细分析过后果之后人们才可以采取有风险的行动。针对于这道Claim类型的题目，提干要求我们给出自己对于观点的态度，以及相应的支持理由。简单来说， 站在社会角度，题目中的观点有一定的意义;我们可以围绕这个方面来进行展开，完成一个一百词左右的段落。首先给出自己的分论点： Admittedly, people benefit from carefully considering the possible consequences of risky actions. 这个句子内容上完成了任务，但是措辞有些低级，进行适度改写。 Admittedly, human beings are to some extent more benefited if both the attractive strengths and potential weaknesses are seriously weighed before allocating 2 precious manpower and material resources to risky activities. 观点给出之后，进行适度的分析拓展，即好处到底是什么：通过进行仔细的分析，社会及全人类可以尽最大限度的减少不必要的损失，从而走得更远。转译成英文如下：Those who are responsible for leading society to success analyzing 3 all possible risks of certain activities carefully, society as a whole is more likely to advance at the minimum expense, thereby 4 further progressing towards sustainable development. 观点适度展开之后，搜索相关实例以支撑起前两句的分析。这里我们可以选择很多不同的领域进行讨论。比如前一段北美热映的电影《蜘蛛侠》四就为我们提供了一个良好的素材。剧中的反派康纳斯博士在注射药剂后失控，变身成“蜥蜴人”，充分的证明了没有严密思考可能风险而采取行动的危害。我们因此完全可以从基因工程和相关改造上面来举例:
One of the most compelling examples to illustrate 5 this lies in the use of achievements of modern genetic 6 engineering and pharmacology. 光有实例是没有任何说服力的，ETS不仅要求考生能后旁征博引，更希望考生能在文中对实例进行分析，以达到论证的目的。我们可以对实例进行简单的展开：Apparently 7, without sufficient analysis of the uncertainty 8 of modifying genes 9, none of the research in this realm ought to be encouraged since it may cause dangerous mutation 10 and therefore pose threats to social orders.
最后给出一个小节，由此可见，谨慎有一定能够的意义： Following this look, being prudent 11 before making decisions does make sense.
拼成全文如下：
Admittedly, human beings are to some extent more benefited if both the attractive strengths and potential weaknesses are seriously weighed before allocating precious manpower and material resources to risky activities. Those who are responsible for leading society to success analyzing all possible risks of certain activities carefully, society as a whole is more likely to advance at the minimum expense, thereby further progressing towards sustainable development. One of the most compelling examples to illustrate this lies in the use of achievements of modern genetic engineering and pharmacology. Apparently, without sufficient analysis of the uncertainty of modifying genes, none of the research in this realm ought to be encouraged since it may cause dangerous mutation and therefore pose threats to social orders. Following this look, being prudent before making decisions does make sense.
通过观点+观点展开+实例+分析+小结的结构，套用基因工程的例子，一个132个词的正文展开段就完成了。在复习的过程中，希望广大考生可以尝试仿写上述结构，并通过实例展开在有限时间内完成Issue的展开工作。
adj.有风险的，冒险的
- It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
- He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。
分配，分派( allocate的现在分词 )； 把…拨给
- Administrative practice generally follows the judicial model in allocating burdens of proof. 在分配举证责任方面，行政实践通常遵循司法模式。
- A cyclical multiplexing technique, allocating resources in fixed-time slices. 以固定的时间片分配资源的循环复用技术。
v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析
- Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
- He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句
adv.因此，从而
- I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
- He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。
v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图
- The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
- This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
adv.显然地；表面上，似乎
- An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
- He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物
- Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
- After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
- You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
n.变化，变异，转变
- People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
- So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。