时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:GRE作文


英语课

   GRE issue写作素来被称为北美考试中最难的一门写作考试。之所以难,有一部分原因的确是因为GRE的issue题目确实很难,一部分的题目甚至难到无话可说。这种现象在去年(2011年)8月6日GRE考试改革前的题库--也就是现在所戏称的"老题库"中体现得比较明显。


  以下两道在当时非常著名的题目:
  (老GRE issue题库131题)The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.
  (老GRE issue题库176题)The function of science is to reassure 1; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.
  上述这两道题,之所以难,难在题目所涉及的领域--艺术,是我们中国学生所特别陌生的话题。要把这些题目拓展开讲清楚,就必须领会西方艺术的基本发展脉络。对于西方艺术的了解,成了这些题目破题中所不可或缺的内容。
  然而,令人惊讶的是,新G改革,在issue考试上,比较大的变动是取消了原有的2选1的题型,而是只给了一道题。此外,更重要的是,此类难题,就再也没出现在新的GRE issue的题库当中。
  为何ETS会删去此类难题,这是值得我们这些长期研究GRE写作的老师揣摩的地方。首先,ETS应该不会自己放弃那些他们很自鸣得意、甚至引以为傲的题目。
  其次,ETS绝对不会因为题目太难而自己自觉自愿地去删除。为此,笔者做了以下一个大胆而合理的猜测:试想在原来的2选1机制下,如果某道题目出现在某次考试中,参加考试的10000个考生中有9999个人不选他,那无论这道题是简单还是难,这道题目设计的本身就失去了意义。讲得简单点,因为所有人都放弃它,所以这道题本身就没有任何存在的价值。也就是说,是群众的力量将这些题给废掉的。
  当然,还有一种可能,那就是这类题目,在全世界范围内,选题具有明显的倾向性,比如某些国家的考生擅长与的某些话题,而另一些国家的考生几乎无人选择,那这样的话就会产生地域歧视。ETS在2002年首次在GRE正式推行写作考试,到去年(2011年)已经有10年的时间。如果这10年每次考试ETS都会对学生issue题目的选择作记录的话,那ETS应该有足够多的数据来支持这一点。
  抛开这些猜测,我觉得删掉这些题的背后,无论是出于什么原因,最终的指向都是明确的,那就是ETS认为考生对于这些题目所表现出来情况和ETS预想的或者事先设定的情况不一样。
  我曾经做过这样一件事情,那就是把ETS所有在新G issue中删掉的题目做了一个整理后发现:这些题目无一例外都有一个共同的特征--太偏太难。而前面给出的两道老G的经典难题,正是所谓的"偏"题的典型。
  为什么ETS对于偏题如此的感冒,甚至为此不惜砍掉这些经典题?我觉得这与ETS的考题设置要求不无关系。长期以来,ETS一直强迫自己在GRE考试的题目设置中做到"公平",即答题是不需要有任何知识背景的。这一点甚至在GRE写作中也不例外。早在2002年,ETS就明确提出了"考题公平"这一说法。以下是他们对GRE写作的官方陈述:
  The Analytical 2 Writing Measure tests your critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support complex ideas, construct and evaluate arguments, and sustain a focused and coherent discussion. It does not assess specific content knowledge.
  The tasks in the Analytical Writing measure relate to a broad range of subjects - from the fine arts and humanities to the social and physical sciences - but no task requires knowledge of specific content. In fact, each task has been tested by actual GRE? test takers to ensure that it possesses several important characteristics, including the following:
  " GRE test takers, regardless of their field of study or special interests, understood the task and could easily respond to it.
  " The task elicited 3 the kinds of complex thinking and persuasive 4 writing that university faculty 5 consider important for success in graduate school.
  " The responses were varied 6 in content and in the way the writers developed their ideas.
  我们有理由猜测,ETS虽然当年给出了这样一条准则,但当时连ETS自己或许都不能保证自己的题目肯定是不需要任何知识背景的。因为ETS不知道作为某些在美国学生眼里的常识,海外考生是否真的也认为是常识。或许正是由于这个原因,之前的GRE issue写作才会设置成2选1的考试形式。
  而在新G时代,在积累了10年的数据和信息之后,ETS已经对每道题库的题目有了充分的把握。于是,取消了2选1的考试形式的同时,也意味着ETS有足够的自信说,题库中的所有题目,无论哪道题,都能保证考生,即便没有任何背景知识,依然能够写出文章来。换句话说,现在的新G考试,是真正体现"考题公平"的。
 

v.使放心,使消除疑虑
  • This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点,于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
  • The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。
adj.分析的;用分析法的
  • I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
  • As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。
引出,探出( elicit的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Threats to reinstate the tax elicited jeer from the Opposition. 恢复此项征税的威胁引起了反对党的嘲笑。
  • The comedian's joke elicited applause and laughter from the audience. 那位滑稽演员的笑话博得观众的掌声和笑声。
adj.有说服力的,能说得使人相信的
  • His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.他赞成办一座新学校的理由很有说服力。
  • The evidence was not really persuasive enough.证据并不是太有说服力。
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员
  • He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
  • He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
adj.多样的,多变化的
  • The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
  • The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
标签: GRE 写作
学英语单词
alopias pelagicus vulpinus
aluminum gallium arsenide (algaas)
aniline colour
annoious
bada bing
band grinding
bastard fount
bimatron
birdseeds
capital-labor ratio
castor bean poisoning
cattle leader
centiamp
cheese-eater
classicial
Coleridge
columu
constitutional republic
contact (thermal) resistance
convgallaria
cotton wool spots
coupling integrity
cross belt drive
Cryptothelea formosicola
cylinder type germinator for grain feed
damping matrix
Deaflympians
dichloroformoxime
dieing
dread
dried ice cream mix
duplicate feeder
electric-current density
every bit as
far reaching
financial problem
foibas
fraud on a power
function of supervision
get into the swing of things
golden honey plant
gsfc (goddard space flight center)
half-greens
hand-brace
holding area
homaridaes
hook tooth sprocket gear
hypoinsulinemic
individual capacity
inflammable bas detector
insettings
isolating film
Keteleeria formosana
leading block holder
leida
membranolytic
metallocofactors
modelings
multiple segment
narrow cuts of solids
Naxas emery
net working capital ratio
pallet tier
pan fried shrimp
penetration phosphors
phone-booths
power-burst-facility
primitive accumulation
procurement of items and services
proof reading program
pylae
raskols
referent ship
rhynchobatus djiddensis
rotary presses
rotary-piston pump
Rottofreno
rushes
sagman
sarcocystosis
scapus pili
scoop for nursery planting
scot
sensitizing range
shiplap boarding
sitaxentan
skin toning lotion
spit ring
Stichaeus
Subbotniki
Talibaptists
Tayeegle
time-sharing multiplexer channel
to go off on someone
total hip replacement
two-row cotton picker
unrummaged
vane exit angle
vision function
wood-knife
xeroxes
yeade