保持空气清新的10个方法

 　　Aim for fresh, healthy air

　　Chronic 1 obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is serious, but there’s no reason you can’t enjoy life after a diagnosis 2.
　　“COPD stands for two processes that almost always occur together: chronic bronchitis, which is inflammation of the airways 3, and emphysema, which is destruction of the fine substance of the lung,” explains Norman Edelman, MD, chief medical officer of the American Lung Association.
　　Take these simple steps to keep irritants out of your airways. They can help stop trouble before it gets started.
　　Avoid wood-burning fireplaces
　　Wood-burning fireplaces—charming and romantic as they may be—produce particulate 4 matter that can get into your lungs and make it harder to breathe.
　　“Wood-burning fireplaces put out soot 5 and carbon,” says Len Horovitz, MD, a pulmonary specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.
　　“There’s nothing in there that’s a good thing for a patient. There’s no inhalant that’s worse than smoke.”
　　Steer 6 clear of smokers 7
　　Smoking causes about 85% of COPD cases in the United States, says Dr. Edelman. But whether or not you smoked before you were diagnosed, you’ll need to stay away from secondhand (or firsthand) smoke.
　　“Smoking and secondhand smoke are absolutely to be avoided,” Dr. Horovitz says.
　　It’s no secret that kicking the habit is really, really hard. But if you have COPD and smoke, the stakes are higher than ever before. Quit and you’ll prevent further damage; don’t and the disease will progress faster.
　　Keep the dust mites 8 away
　　Like humans, dust mites like to burrow 9 into mattresses 11 and bedding. “Dust mites are a trigger for asthmatics and people with COPD and should be kept to a minimum,” Dr. Horovitz says.
　　He recommends using mattress 10 covers and pillowcases that are bed-bug proof, which usually means they’re mite-proof as well. And pick pillows that are made of foam 13 rubber, not goose-down or feathers.
　　Washing your linens 14 in hot water (above 130°F) at least once a week will also keep the dust mites at bay, Dr. Edelman says.
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　　Cut the chemicals
　　It’s a bit of a conundrum 15. You need to clean up dust and pet dander, but strong-smelling cleaning products can be lung irritants.
　　Even walking into a recently cleaned house can be a problem and wearing a mask won’t necessarily help. That means using vinegar or regular old soap and water, basically “things that don’t have a fragrance,” says Dr. Horovitz.
　　You should avoid hair spray, perfumes, glues, paints, and air fresheners too. “If you want to freshen your air, clean and don’t mask over another odor,” he says.
　　Control pet dander
　　Pet dander is less of a problem for COPD than for asthma 12, because dander particles are usually too big to penetrate 16 deep into the airways, says Dr. Edelman.
　　Still, many people with COPD also have allergies 17, which can exacerbate 18 breathing problems. Dogs, cats, and even birds can be a problem (fish aren’t).
　　If you already have a pet, or you find an animal is necessary for your mental health, make sure you wash your hands after petting, and keep your pet out of the bedroom.
　　Filter your air
　　Air filters can cut down dramatically on the fine particles that irritate the lungs. “It’s always better to ventilate through a system that has a filter,” Dr. Edelman says. “You want to filter as many particles as you can.”
　　Changing filters often will also help keep the air clean.
　　For the dog days of summer, central air-conditioning is best, but even then, filters make it better, Dr. Horovitz says.
　　Close your window
　　Ozone 19 and other forms of air pollution, as well as outdoor allergens and dust, can affect your lungs. This can be especially troublesome if it’s allergy 20 season, if the winds are howling, or if you live in a place (like New York City or New Mexico) prone 21 to dust accumulation.
　　On high air-pollution days keep the windows closed. You can check air quality throughout the U.S. at AirNow.
　　If you’re cleaning, though, you may want to open a window to clear the air of cleaning chemicals, according to the American Lung Association.
　　Exercise but don’t overexert
　　Exercise is a good thing if you have COPD. However, if your condition is severe, too much exertion 22 can trigger breathing difficulties.
　　“You do want to exercise but you don’t want to subject yourself to carrying a heavy laundry basket up several flights of stairs, Dr. Horovitz says. “That’s going to be a problem.”
　　Fight mold and mildew 23
　　Good ventilation systems in both the bedroom and bathroom can cut down on molds, another potential trigger of lung trouble.
　　And because dust mites like humidity too, you should keep the moisture levels in your home unattractively low, at around 40%, Dr. Edelman says.
　　To do so, consider using a dehumidifier and don’t run a humidifier or vaporizer.