时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法


英语课

   翻译中,灵活性和原则性是涉及语言效果和传达原意的两个方面。缺乏灵活性会影响表达效果,如“月亮代表我的心”若“忠实地”翻译为“The moon stands for my heart”就不如灵活地翻译为“The moon reflects my mood”(字面意思:月亮反映我的心情)更容易理解,因为世界各地都“月有阴晴圆缺,人有悲欢离合”。“曲高和寡”在绝大多数情况下是一个比喻的说法,译为“Highbrow songs finds few singers”就很难传达实际应用中的意义。笔者认为翻译成“High art is hard to understand”或“Elegance means loneliness”(高雅意味着孤独)更妥。又如,把“日出江花红胜火”翻译为“The flowers in river are redder than fire when the sun rises”就不像是写景的句子,译为“Beneath the rising sun, rivers are aflame with flowers in bloom”才有诗意。(字面意思:旭日冉冉,江花盛开江如燃)


  缺乏灵活性有时还会损害原则性。英语中gallant有“英勇”和“善于讨好女性”两方面意思,和汉语中“风流”确实对应得很好,但很多专家对号入座地把“大江东去,浪淘尽千古风流人物”中的“风流人物”翻译为gallant heroes,会让人误以为周瑜、诸葛亮等在战场上和情场上都是高手。其实只要译成heroes就可以了。结合中国历史整句话可以翻译为:“Chinese history sees Yangtze run; thousands years and myriad 1 heroes, with rolling waves are gone”。英国人和美国人都认为这种译法最佳,不仅因为本词的主题是怀古,“中国历史目睹长江奔流”和“随着滚滚波涛千秋岁月和无数英雄已经远走”能给人以岁月沧桑的感觉,而且美国的小说<<飘>>(Gone with the Wind)广为人知,享有盛誉。
  笔者所遇到的最棘手的问题是翻译“士为知己者死,女为悦己者容”。直接译为“A gentleman dies for one who knows his heart; a woman makes up her face for one who pleases her”不仅不适于多数场合,而且一有人讨好就梳妆打扮,把女的说成“三陪”之类的人了。事实上,“士为知己者死”是一种态度和决心,不仅仅是行动;“女为悦己者容”也不是“让她高兴她就梳妆打扮”。“容”体现的是对美好生活的向往,“悦己者”也不是随便来讨好的人,而应该理解为触动她心弦的人。简言之,前句谈事业,后句谈生活,因此可以译为“A true man is ready to die a loyal death for those who know the worth of him; a woman is eager to live a happy life with one who touches the chord in her”。(字面意思:男人忠于知道自己价值的人并会为之慷慨赴死,女人渴望和触动自己心弦的人过着幸福的生活)
  文艺翻译要讲究灵活性,对专业术语和政治用语的翻译则要讲究原则性。例如,外语教学中的eclecticism无论从内涵和词源上看都是“博采众长”,却被译为“折衷主义”,褒义词几乎成了贬义词。台湾问题在国内的很多英文报刊上被说成“Taiwan issue”,但从政治意义上讲台湾问题是一个注定了要有answer的question,不是一个可以众说纷纭的 issue,我们没必要和西方媒体保持一致。

adj.无数的;n.无数,极大数量
  • They offered no solution for all our myriad problems.对于我们数不清的问题他们束手无策。
  • I had three weeks to make a myriad of arrangements.我花了三个星期做大量准备工作。
标签: 翻译
学英语单词
aberration ellipse
addend
advance bill of lading
amorphous silica
best-ofs
blind quotes
bronchus segmentalis basalis medialis
built-in check valve
camlock
canine laugh
carbide end mill
ceciles
chickerees
Chlamydospermophytinae
chronic aphthae
chunchons
counterjihad
damping transient
Dendrocalamus yunnanicus
diagram stage
economic constraint
enfoldeth
fasciae
floormen
FORMDEF
fossae scaphoidea
French white
graphical recording unit
guisings
high-tailed
imperfect diffused reflection
infimae species
injector type gas burner
intergenic(muller 1941)
international financial system
international legal process school
Isotebezid
Jemielnica
lantern net
leg circle
lepra Willan's
litigation procedure
load-generation imbalance
local conformation
magnetic separation cleaning
MDPI
mimelike
multiple flat-interface model
nanoprobe
net immigration
Neutralin
noegenesis
non-duct propagation
nostalgically
ofhis
others-like
packing it in
packing on
paddled conveyor chain
palmately-lobed
parliament hinge
patent of improvement
performance volume
phenyl-p-aminosalicylate
pin bolt
pole tie
positifs
precursor radiation
radicalized
ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
rendezvous maneuver
reproductive system surgery
sealing flange
sexual relationship
shittin' me
skull melting furnace
Socratics
submarine bulk cargo carrier
sulmento-bregmatic diameter
synorogenic basin
telescan
testing record sheet
thalidezine
thiolinic acid
to the gills
Toluca, Nev.de
triple checks
tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)chloride
tube coil
tubercularized
tuyer
ultramarine (blue)
uranates
vermoulu
vertical diversification
Vibrio tonsillaris
vitrailed
water column upper plug
well head mudline suspension
ww-dichloroacetophenone
yellow-necked mice
zigzag baffle chamber