时间:2019-01-07 作者:英语课 分类:六分钟英语


英语课
Two Americans, Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson, share this year's Nobel Prize in Economics.

The last award in this year's Nobel series, the Economics Prize, has been awarded to Elinor Ostrom from Indiana University and to Oliver Williamson from the University of California at Berkeley.

The two won for their analysis of how authority is exercised in economic systems and in companies.

Nobel Economics Committee Chairman Bertil Holmlund said their work was enlightening.

"Elinor Ostrom's research has provided novel lessons about the mechanisms 1 that sustain human cooperation," he said. "Oliver Williamson's research has offered new insights on how transaction costs determine the boundaries of the firm. Both laureates have profoundly enhanced our understanding of economic governance."

Williamson developed a theory where business firms can serve as structures to resolve conflicts(冲突).

Ostrom's research has focuses on the interaction of people and natural resources and how common property can be successfully managed by those groups using it.

In a phone call press conference in Stockholm, professor Ostrom was asked how she felt about becoming the first woman to win the Nobel Economics Prize since it was first awarded in 1968.

"I had not realized that that was the case until just recently when they called. My first reaction(反应) was great surprise and appreciation(赞赏)," said Ostrom. "There are many, many people who have struggled mightily 2 and to be chosen for this prize is a great honor. And I am still a little bit in shock."

Ostrom was also asked about what her research might say about how we deal with the growing problem of global warming.

"A lot of people are now waiting for international negotiations 3 to solve it," said Ostrom. "That again is the presumption 4 that there are public officials who are genius and the rest of us are not. It is going to be important that there is an international agreement, but we can be taking steps at family level, community level, regional level, provincial 5, state, national and there are many steps that have already been taken that are not going to solve it themselves but cumulatively 6 can make a big difference."

Ostrom and Williamson share the $1.4-million prize. They will also receive a gold medal and a diploma from the Swedish king on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death in 1896. (本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑)





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1
mechanisms
d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8
  
 


n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用


参考例句:





The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》












2
mightily
ZoXzT6
  
 


ad.强烈地;非常地


参考例句:





He hit the peg mightily on the top with a mallet. 他用木槌猛敲木栓顶。
This seemed mightily to relieve him. 干完这件事后,他似乎轻松了许多。












3
negotiations
af4b5f3e98e178dd3c4bac64b625ecd0
  
 


协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过


参考例句:





negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。












4
presumption
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n.推测,可能性,冒昧,放肆,[法律]推定


参考例句:





Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。












5
provincial
Nt8ye
  
 


adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人


参考例句:





City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。












6
cumulatively
85f7e89a7903a6e7704325e0ca991ac8
  
 


adv.累积地,渐增地


参考例句:





Mind has become self-reproducing through man's capacity to transmit experience and its products cumulatively. 通过传递生活经验和积累创造的产品,人类的智慧在不断地进行着自我丰富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
At first, the drug does no harm, but cumulatively its effects are bad. 这药开始对人没有害处,但连续服用后果就坏了。 来自《简明英汉词典》













n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
ad.强烈地;非常地
  • He hit the peg mightily on the top with a mallet. 他用木槌猛敲木栓顶。
  • This seemed mightily to relieve him. 干完这件事后,他似乎轻松了许多。
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
  • negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
  • Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
n.推测,可能性,冒昧,放肆,[法律]推定
  • Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
  • I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
adv.累积地,渐增地
  • Mind has become self-reproducing through man's capacity to transmit experience and its products cumulatively. 通过传递生活经验和积累创造的产品,人类的智慧在不断地进行着自我丰富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • At first, the drug does no harm, but cumulatively its effects are bad. 这药开始对人没有害处,但连续服用后果就坏了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
absorben
almond crescent
along in years
arc-stream voltage
assembly level
automatic steering device
black butter
bowl pack
braeriaches
broad-band antenna
carrier frequency amplifier
catastro-fuck
chilean natural potassium nitrate
cipher
clenoliximab
concentrating zone thin layer plate
contorsion
cypripedium calceoluss
dementia polysclerotica
Diploclisia
dot matrix size
dough plasticity
excess product
execution pripeline
extractum polygoni hydropiperis fluidum
extraperiosteally
extuberance
fayalite peridotite
fixed-arch bridge
fuckless
full-rich position
gap filling strategy
gear shaping machine
genemotor
give thanks
given the shaft
go hit the spot
gothicized
graving
handelsgesellschafts
homogeneous bounded domain
Japan Air Society
Krestsy
kryptol furnace
leaved
lens equation
long diagonal of indentation
longwall undercutter
machine wrench
maidservants
marry into money
mixture colours
molecular amplitude
money-man
monitoring device
montigny
mopstick handrail
moral wear
name-days
Navahoes
newkirlite
notice of suspend payment
OSAT
paedologist
paracholesterin
pcr products
platinum (pt)
plot elements
prangers
pulse regenerator
punchers
r-plasmid
ray cell
reactive potency
retch
Rhinophis
ribbon structure
river branching
rocker side dump car
shriveling up
sleeps out
smoke vapour meter
social exclusion
solar equation
soughingly
stone-carvers
stoop vault
sulcus for radial nerve
svat
taken out a patent for
temporized
to blast something
topic for discussion
torpe
trailing characteristics
trupentine camphor
Vasoconstrictine
vodeness
weak light source
weather controlled message
Wendlandia luzoniensis
X-ray tube voltage