考研英语中特定场合类日常表达方法
Specific Occasions
1.学校（School）
学校对于我们每一个人来说都不陌生。然而关于我们学校生活的一些英语日常用语，许多考生并没有很好地掌握。此类用语常与考试、恋爱、约会、旅程、打工、娱乐和家庭相关。
考研英语听力中有很大一部分是和校园生活有关的，下面就给大家提供一些典型的校园日常用语。
（1）与学生、教师、学校有关的常用词组
Campus校园 tuition学费
MA（degree of Master of Arts）文学硕士 Ph.D（Doctor of Philosophy）博士
academic year学年 semester system一年两学期制
Trimester system一年三学期制 quarter system一年四学期制
credit学分 full’time student全日制学生
part’time student半工半读学生 transcript 1成绩单
registration 2注册 freshmen 3大一学生
sophomore 4二学生 junior大三学生
requirement必修课 elective/optional选修课
exempt/immune免修的 lecture hall大礼堂
quit school休学 drop out辍学
multiple choice多项选择题 essay question问答题
objective test客观题测试 subjective 5 test主观题测试
scholarship奖学金 make up补考
fellowship研究奖学金 assistantship助教奖学金
（2）与图书馆有关的词组
library图书馆 librarian图书馆管理员
file档案 magazine杂志
periodical期刊 journal专刊
reference book参考书 bibliography 6参考书目
stacks书库 author作者
catalog目录 index索引
shelves书架 check out办清手续后离开
renew续借
（3）与学生住宿生活等有关的词组
dormitory宿舍 cafeteria咖啡厅
lounge休息室 deposit押金定金
laundry洗的衣服等 basement地下室
shower淋浴 tub盆浴
drain排水 faucet 7水龙头
toilet抽水马桶 cushion坐垫
built-in closet壁橱 bureau五斗橱
dresser梳妆台 vacuum cleaner吸尘器
carpet地毯（bed） sheet床单
spread床罩 pillow case枕套
room and board膳宿 infirmary医务室
I’m a graduate from Peking University of 2002.（我是北京大学2002届的毕业生。）
I have a bachelor degree of Arts （Science）。（我是文科/理工科学士。）
I’m taking economics and mathematics.（我学经济和数学。）
What kind of grades did you make in college？（你在大学的学习情况怎么样？）
You will fail in the examination if you don’t work hard.（你如果不好好学习，考试就会不及格。）
I got full score in the final examination.（期末考试我得了满分。）
May I have a look at your schedule？（我可以看一下你的课程表吗？）
When is the new semester going to start？（新学期什么时候开始？）
A lecture on modern arts will be delivered by Dr. Gore 8 in five minutes.（戈尔博士的现代艺术讲座五分钟后开始。）
下面是一段模拟听力对话，请对此仔细分析：
A： Hi， Jerry. I’d like you to meet my friend Lucia. She graduated from the same university as yours.
B： Glad to meet you， Lucia.
A： Glad to meet you too， Jerry. When did you graduate from Yale University？
B： In 2000. I have a Bachelor of Arts degree. What did you major in？
A： I majored in child psychology 9. I was interested in the way children learn to read and write.
2.餐馆（Restaurant）
餐馆、商店等场合的对话是考生必须熟悉的内容。常为点菜、介绍菜、评价菜、定房和退房等。餐馆这种特定场合的情景对话也是听力考试容易涉及的方面，餐馆用语比较典型的有：
Have you made reservations？（有没有预定？）
For one or for two， Sir？（一位，还是两位？）
Here or to go？（在这儿吃呢，还是拿走？）
May I have your order， Sir？（先生，现在点菜吗？）
Could we see the menu， please？（请把菜单拿来？）
Which do you prefer， Chinese food or western food？（你喜欢吃中国菜还是西方菜？）
We would like some local specialties 10.（我们想吃一些特色菜。）
Well， what would you recommend？（嗯，你可以推荐一些菜吗？）Well， The roast lamb’s very delicious！（哇，这烤全羊吃起来真香！）
How would you like your steak， rare or well done？（喜欢吃嫩牛排，还是稍微烂一点？）
Waiter！ the bill， please！ Check， please！ （买单！）
Let us go Dutch this time， ok？（我们AA制，怎么样？）
请看下面一场顾客和服务生之间的对话：
A： Waiter！ The menu， please.
B： Here you are， Miss. Beijing Duck is one of our specialties， and it’s very delicious.
A： Thank you， but I’d like to choose myself.
B： Sorry， Miss. But everyone here likes it.
A： I hate the talkative people， and I will eat nothing here.
B： I’m really sorry about it， but……
3.银行（Bank）
银行用语对一般考生来说，是比较陌生的。因此它在考试中是一个难点。如果对一些常用的银行用语有所了解，将会在考试中收益匪浅。如开户、活期/定期储蓄、利息、销户、兑换等。这些用语比较正式，需要熟练掌握，关键词汇要牢记。下面是一些常用的银行用语：
a saving account存款户头 a checking account支票户头
financial transactions金钱交易 checks支票
to deposit存款 bill票面
overdraft 11透支 bank statement银行结存单
to charge sb.向……收取费用 withdraw取款
currency conversion 12货币兑换 foreign currency外币
credit card信用卡 establish credit开信用卡户头
paying and receiving teller 13出纳员 pay off还清
repay偿还
How do we open a savings 14 account？（储蓄账户怎么开？）
I’d like to open a current account.（我想开一个活期存款户头。）
How much money do you want to deposit？（你将存多少钱？）
Here is your bankbook！（你的存折！）
Could you tell me my balance？（我还有多少余额？）
I want to close my account. （我要求取消帐户。）
This is a foreign exchange office.（这是外币兑换处。）
What’s the rate of exchange between US dollar and RMB？（美圆和人民币的兑换率为多少？）
The interest rate is 4 percent.（利息为百分之四。）
What kind of currency do you want？（你需要什么币种？）
Ten yuan is the minimum original deposit.（存储最低限度为10圆。）
A： Welcome to our bank， Sir. Can I help you？
B： I’d like to open a current account.
A： How much money do you want to deposit？
B： What’s the minimum original deposit？
A： Fifty RMB， Sir.
B： Ok， how about the interest？
A： 6 percent for current deposit.
B： Umm， I see， and I need to think about it……
4.医院（Hospital）
日常生活中，人们感冒、咳嗽、大病小病常有，这是听力中的常考内容。医生与病人的对话、病人与家属朋友的对话等会涉及到开处方、吃药用药、诊断、慰问等内容，考试也是经常涉及。英语中相关的日常用语主要有：
I have a bad cough and my chest aches.（我咳嗽得厉害并且胸口疼。）
I’ve sprained 15 my ankle， and I’ve got a very bad headache.（我脚踝扭了，并且头疼的厉害。）
I have a sore throat and a toothache.（我牙疼并且喉咙痛。）
Do you have any appetite？（胃口好吗？）
You need to take a blood pressure， and then have a blood test.（你先测血压，然后验血。）
I’ll have to give you an injection. After that， an urgent operation is necessary.（我先给你打一针，然后动手术。）
We will transfer you to another hospital.（你将转院治疗。）
Take two of these pills after meal， three times a day.（此药一天三次，每次两片，饭后服用。）
I’ll give you a prescription 16.（我给你开个药方吧。）
This bottle of liquid medicine is for external application. （这瓶药水用以外涂。）
请分析下面的对话，体会其在听力中的应用：
D： Now would you lower your shorts？
P： What’s that？
D： Just an injection.
P： Will it hurt？
D： Well， it won？？t hurt me，…… There. Now， these pills.
P： Do I need to stay in hospital？
D： I’m afraid you have to.
- A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
- They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。
- Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
- What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？
- We are freshmen and they are sophomores. 我们是一年级学生，他们是二年级学生。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- University freshmen get lots of razzing, but they like the initiation. 大一新生受各种嘲弄，但是他们对这种入门经验甘之如饴。 来自辞典例句
- He is in his sophomore year.他在读二年级。
- I'm a college sophomore majoring in English.我是一名英语专业的大二学生。
- The way they interpreted their past was highly subjective. 他们解释其过去的方式太主观。
- A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观。
- There is a useful bibliography at the end of each chapter.在每一章后附有一份有用的参考书目。
- The production of this bibliography is totally automated.这个目录的编制过程全是自动化的。
- The faucet has developed a drip.那个水龙头已经开始滴水了。
- She turned off the faucet and dried her hands.她关掉水龙头，把手擦干。
- The fox lay dying in a pool of gore.狐狸倒在血泊中奄奄一息。
- Carruthers had been gored by a rhinoceros.卡拉瑟斯被犀牛顶伤了。
- She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
- He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
- Great Books are popular, not pedantic. They are not written by specialists about specialties for specialists. 名著绝不引经据典，艰深难懂，而是通俗易读。它们不是专家为专业人员撰写的专业书籍。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
- Brain drains may represent a substantial reduction in some labor force skills and specialties. 智力外流可能表示某种劳动力技能和特长大量减少。 来自辞典例句
- Her bank warned that unless she repaid the overdraft she could face legal action.银行警告她如果不偿还透支钱款，她将面临诉讼。
- An overdraft results when a note discounted at a bank is not met when due.银行贴现的支票到期而未能支付就成为透支。
- He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
- Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。
- The bank started her as a teller.银行起用她当出纳员。
- The teller tried to remain aloof and calm.出纳员力图保持冷漠和镇静。
- I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
- By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。
- I stumbled and sprained my ankle. 我摔了一跤，把脚脖子扭了。
- When Mary sprained her ankles, John carried her piggyback to the doctors. 玛丽扭伤了足踝，约翰驮她去看医生。
- The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
- The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。