时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:2018年VOA慢速英语(七)月


英语课

 


Suppose you are at a birthday party. Everyone has a cell phone. Just as the group begins singing to the birthday girl, someone’s phone rings loudly and won’t stop. You see the noisy phone on the table and ask:


Whose phone is this?


Someone answers:


It’s mine. I’m sorry!


… and turns the sound off. Even though this person and her phone interrupted the party, she did introduce the word for today’s grammar lesson: “whose.”


It may seem short and simple, but how to use and write “whose” confuses even native English speakers. This is partly because they mistake it with another word that sounds the same: “who’s” (spelled w-h-o-apostrophe-s) – a contraction 1 that means “who is” or “who has.”


In contrast, the word “whose” is used to show possession. It is a pronoun that comes from the word “who” but acts as an adjective. It always appears before a noun – for example, in the phrase “whose phone.”


Today, we’ll tell you about the three uses of “whose”: in questions, to introduce relative clauses and to introduce noun clauses.


As a question word


OK, let’s start with “whose” as a question word. The simplest way to ask who something belongs to is this: Whose + noun + the verb “to be” + this/that/these.


Here are three examples:


Whose umbrella is this?


Whose car is that?


Whose books are these?


Ending the sentence with “this,” “that” or “these” is useful when the thing you’re asking about is visible. But, suppose that thing is located elsewhere. You wording would need to be more exact. Listen to these questions:


Whose umbrella can we take to the game?


Whose car is parked down the road?


Whose books were left in the kitchen?


How detailed 2 you are will depend on what you’re asking. But notice that “whose” always goes before the nouns you’re asking about.


In relative clauses


OK, let’s move to relative clauses. We use “whose” to introduce relative clauses that show possession by people, animals or things. As you may recall from earlier Everyday Grammar programs, relative clauses act as adjectives in a sentence. For example:


She taught a student whose parents are from Brazil.


The word “whose” shows possession with “parents.” And the relative clause “whose parents are from Brazil” describes the noun “student.” Notice that it appears after the word “student.” Usually, relative clauses appear directly after the nouns they describe.


Now, let’s try something different. I’ll give you two sentences. You think about how they might be joined using “whose.” Ready? Listen:


I know a man. His daughter works for Voice of America.


The word “his” is a possessive adjective that describes the noun “daughter.” So, did you discover how to combine the sentences? Listen:


I know a man whose daughter works for Voice of America.


We replaced “his” with “whose" and joined the sentences. The relative clause is “whose daughter works for Voice of America.” This clause acts like an adjective describing the man.


In noun clauses


Another type of clause that uses “whose” is a noun clause. You’ll recall that noun clauses behave like nouns in a sentence.


In noun clauses, “whose” often appears in sentences with a main verb of either “know” or “wonder.” Again, the meaning is one of possession. Here’s an example with “know.”


He knows whose song was chosen for the competition.


The word “whose” introduces the noun clause “whose song was chosen for the competition.”


Now suppose you were the one seeking information. You could ask a direct question:


Whose song was chosen for the competition?


… or an indirect question:


Do you know whose song was chosen for the competition?


The words “whose song was chosen for the competition” are still the noun clause.


Let’s stick with this example but use the verb “wonder.” Suppose you want to know whose song was chosen but, rather than ask, you simply think aloud. You might say:


I wonder whose song was chosen for the competition.


Again, the noun clause is the same.


To ‘whose’ or not…


For a long time, “whose” was used to show possession only by people or animals. Grammar tyrants 3 balked 5 at its use for non-living things. For example, they would not like this sentence: “This is the book whose author won the award.” The relative clause “whose author won the award” describes a non-living thing: a book.


But, that rule is now considered dated, including by Merriam-Webster dictionary. And, the truth is that English doesn’t have an equivalent possessive pronoun for non-living things, so even the New York Times uses “whose” for them. Times reporters are not the only ones. Writers dating back centuries, such as Shakespeare, did the same.


Well, that’s our time for today. You can use the Comments section to practice using “whose” in questions, relative clauses and noun clauses. You can also check each other’s work. Or, to say it another way, use the Comments section to see who’s using “whose” correctly.


I’m Alice Bryant.


Words in This Story


cell phone – n. the American name for mobile phone


apostrophe – n. the punctuation 6 mark ‘ used to show that letters or numbers are missing


contraction – n. the act or process of making something smaller or of becoming smaller


clause – n. a part of a sentence that has its own subject and verb


visible – adj. able to be seen


park – v. to leave a vehicle in a particular place


balk 4 – v. to refuse to do what someone else wants you to do


practice – v. to do something again and again in order to become better at it



n.缩略词,缩写式,害病
  • The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
  • The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 ); 暴君似的人; (古希腊的)僭主; 严酷的事物
  • The country was ruled by a succession of tyrants. 这个国家接连遭受暴君的统治。
  • The people suffered under foreign tyrants. 人民在异族暴君的统治下受苦受难。
n.大方木料;v.妨碍;不愿前进或从事某事
  • We get strong indications that his agent would balk at that request.我们得到的强烈暗示是他的经纪人会回避那个要求。
  • He shored up the wall with a thick balk of wood.他用一根粗大的木头把墙撑住。
v.畏缩不前,犹豫( balk的过去式和过去分词 );(指马)不肯跑
  • He balked in his speech. 他忽然中断讲演。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • They balked the robber's plan. 他们使强盗的计划受到挫败。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.标点符号,标点法
  • My son's punctuation is terrible.我儿子的标点符号很糟糕。
  • A piece of writing without any punctuation is difficult to understand.一篇没有任何标点符号的文章是很难懂的。
学英语单词
(Robaxin)Methocarbamol
a. ophthalmica
aitcs
angular dispersion
antique-dealer
aureolarias
Banteay Chey
be mounted
bichats
bumper jar
butt-chin
cardiac disease in toxemia of pregnancy
cercis likiangensis chun
certificate of beneficial interest
Chang Kuo
changeless
chion-
colega
collie eye anomaly
component truss
comprehensive confirming house shipment policy
congenital retinal fold
contact insertion and withdrawal force
contractualises
deblending
design proposal
desklamps
desksize computer
diffuse choroidal sclerosis
disappear to
downward storke
dynamic discovery
earning related benefit
ensta
entergy
Erypin
essential enzyme
flat-topped ridge
flow dichroism
follower stud
four-legged friends
gailliard
gas seep
goes down the drain
golfdom
heavy tail
high pressure adjusting spring
hollow-point
home reservation
humariaceous
indicating potentiometer
ironless armature
isopia
jet channelling
kirchoff's law
metallocarboxypeptidase
micro-fiche
milky tea
mistaker
moity wool
multiplication of determimants
navigation system
NAVMEDATASERVCEN
neoprene sponge
nine-tracks
nodi lymphatici cervicales anteriores
oftmentioned
on maturity
on roder
osteohalisteresis
outer iteration
output of column
Pahārikhera
paramyoclonus multiplex
pda-based
perrutenate
personal supremacy
photoconductive thermal-plastic polymer material
phyllosticta amorphophalli
picoeukaryotes
plavacridin
polar positioning system
pterolophia lineatipennis
Putnam, Rufus
radioactive pericarditis
reckon sth up
Rhododendron noriakianum
ripeful
scintillatio albescens
self-ionization spectroscopy
stwe
Sulzbach an der Murr
swallow
Taitzehoia
technomic
trophic linkage
vascular glands
Viterbi decoder
vitriate
waltz turn
warns
wide-sense stationary random process