2007-10-13, Ultimate Earthquake - 终极地震-英语课

时间：2018-12-30 作者：英语课 分类：国家地理2007年

英语课

The arrival of the P-waves in Valparaiso feels like a long sonic boom. Windows and buildings shudder 1. Some of the P-waves shoot up into the atmosphere, emitting a frightening roar. The secondary waves follow, carrying most of the earthquake's energy. Some surface waves shake the ground from side to side, twisting railway lines and shattering concrete structures.

Buildings are shaken from their foundations. Unstable 2 areas of the cliffs surrounding Valparaiso collapse 3, taking many buildings with them. Below in the port, sediments 4 amplify 5 the seismic 6 energy, prolonging the shaking into destruction. Liquefaction ruptures 8 gas mains, water pipes and vital communication links.

In addition to the deadly seismic waves, the earthquake rupture 7 releases pressure on the South American Plate. It pushes forward and flattens 9. Areas of the coast sink two meters. Entire structures collapse and the flooding is rampant 10. Fires caused by broken gas mains rage out of control. As the city lies paralyzed and in ruins, the biggest killer 11 of all is about to strike. As the South American Plate is released and flicks 12 upwards 13, it pushes up an enormous wave of water, 967 kilometers long. Gravity quickly pushes it back, creating a massive wave, a tsunami 14.

One side of the wave rushes towards the coast of Chile. It takes just ten minutes to reach Vina del Mar 15. It hits the already besieged 16 city with a 12-meter wall of ocean that smashes across the city. Thousands more lose their lives; the city is devastated 17. But the giant earthquake's deadly reach extends far beyond Chile. The same tsunami that pulverized 18 Vina del Mar speeds across the Pacific for thousands of kilometers. Hours after the quake, huge waves strike New Zealand, Hawaii and Japan. The West Coast of the USA and the Philippines will also be hard hit. Chile's ultimate earthquake is now a global disaster.

1 shudder

v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动

The sight of the coffin sent a shudder through him.看到那副棺材，他浑身一阵战栗。
We all shudder at the thought of the dreadful dirty place.我们一想到那可怕的肮脏地方就浑身战惊。

2 unstable

adj.不稳定的，易变的

This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books.这书橱很不结实，装不了这么多书。
The patient's condition was unstable.那患者的病情不稳定。

3 collapse

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

4 sediments

沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 )；沉积物

When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后，体积的70-80％是水。
Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。

5 amplify

vt.放大，增强；详述，详加解说

The new manager wants to amplify the company.新经理想要扩大公司。
Please amplify your remarks by giving us some examples.请举例详述你的话。

6 seismic

a.地震的，地震强度的

Earthquakes produce two types of seismic waves.地震产生两种地震波。
The latest seismic activity was also felt in northern Kenya.肯尼亚北部也感觉到了最近的地震活动。

7 rupture

n.破裂；(关系的)决裂；v.(使)破裂

I can rupture a rule for a friend.我可以为朋友破一次例。
The rupture of a blood vessel usually cause the mark of a bruise.血管的突然破裂往往会造成外伤的痕迹。

8 ruptures

n.（体内组织等的）断裂( rupture的名词复数 )；爆裂；疝气v.（使）破裂( rupture的第三人称单数 )；（使体内组织等）断裂；使（友好关系）破裂；使绝交

Fault ruptures may consist of a single narrow main break. 断层破裂可能只包括单独一条狭窄的主裂隙。来自辞典例句
The dry seed ruptures and the green leaf uncurls. 干瘪的种子裂开了，卷曲的绿叶伸展了。来自辞典例句

9 flattens

变平，使（某物）变平( flatten的第三人称单数 )；彻底打败某人，使丢脸；停止增长（或上升）；（把身体或身体部位）紧贴…

After Oxford the countryside flattens out. 过了牛津以远乡村逐渐平坦。
The graph flattens out gradually after a steep fall. 图表上的曲线突降之后逐渐趋于平稳。

10 rampant

adj.(植物)蔓生的；狂暴的，无约束的

Sickness was rampant in the area.该地区疾病蔓延。
You cannot allow children to rampant through the museum.你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。

11 killer

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

12 flicks

（尤指用手指或手快速地）轻击( flick的第三人称单数 )；（用…）轻挥；（快速地）按开关；向…笑了一下（或瞥了一眼等）

'I shall see it on the flicks, I suppose.' “电影上总归看得见。” 来自英汉文学
Last night to the flicks. 昨晚看了场电影。来自英汉文学

13 upwards

adv.向上，在更高处...以上

The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。

14 tsunami

n.海啸

Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。

15 mar

vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟

It was not the custom for elderly people to mar the picnics with their presence.大人们照例不参加这样的野餐以免扫兴。
Such a marriage might mar your career.这样的婚姻说不定会毁了你的一生。

16 besieged

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 )

Paris was besieged for four months and forced to surrender. 巴黎被围困了四个月后被迫投降。
The community besieged the newspaper with letters about its recent editorial. 公众纷纷来信对报社新近发表的社论提出诘问，弄得报社应接不暇。

17 devastated

v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的

The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。

18 pulverized

adj.[医]雾化的，粉末状的v.将…弄碎( pulverize的过去式和过去分词 )；将…弄成粉末或尘埃；摧毁；粉碎

We pulverized the opposition. 我们彻底击败了对手。
He pulverized the opposition with the force of his oratory. 他能言善辩把对方驳得体无完肤。来自辞典例句

标签：国家地理 earthquake 地震

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