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Chapter 1 The European Discovery Of America 第一章 欧洲人发现美洲 Leif Ericson discovers America in the year 1000. In our early childhood many of us learned to repeat the lines: 列夫埃里克森发现美洲（1000年）多数人在孩提时
美国学生历史
34. Tobacco-growing and Prosperity. 34．烟草种植与繁荣 European people were now beginning to use tobacco. Most of it came from the Spanish colonies. 从此，欧洲人开始吸食烟草，多数烟草由西班牙殖民地而来， Tobacco gre
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Chapter 8 第8章 The Colonies Under Charles II 查理二世的殖民统治 65. The Puritans and the Colonists, 16491660. 65．清教徒和殖民地（16491660年） In 1649 Charles I was executed, and for eleven years the Puritans were supreme in En
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But the Confederates fired on her, and she steamed away without landing the soldiers or the supplies. 但是，南方联盟的人向汽艇开枪，汽艇没有卸下士兵和给养就离开了。 Lincoln waited a month, hoping that the secessionists
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That is all very well, you will say, and no doubt it is a great virtue to care so much for moderation and perfection, but why should the Greeks have been the only people to develop this quality in olden times? For an answer I shall point to the way i
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Chapter 14 第十四章 The Greek cities 古希腊城邦 The Greek cities that were really states. 古希腊的城市其实是独立的国家 We modern people love the sound of the word big. We pride ourselves upon the fact that we belong to the bigg
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It was the small house within the high city-walls where his wife and children lived in safety. It was a complete world which covered no more than four or five acres of rocky land. Don't you see how these surroundings must have influenced a man in eve
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This new form of dramatic entertainment demanded a proper setting, and soon every Greek city owned a theatre, cut out of the rock of a nearby hill. The spectators sat upon wooden benches and faced a wide circle (our present orchestra where you pay th
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Chapter 16 第十六章 Greek life 古希腊人的生活 How the Greeks Lived 古希腊人是怎样生活的 But how, you will ask, did the ancient Greeks have time to look after their families and their business if they were forever running to the m
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Within this courtyard the family lived when it did not rain or when it was not too cold. In one corner of the yard the cook (who was a slave) prepared the meal and in another corner, the teacher (who was also a slave) taught the children the alpha be
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The other Greek cities followed her example with the exception of tiny Plataea which sent a thousand men. On the twelfth of September of the year 490, Miltiades, the Athenian commander, threw this little army against the hordes of the Persians. The G
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His place had been taken by the nobles-a class of rich people who during the course of time had got hold of an undue share of the farms and estates. 他的位置被一群贵族占据。他们是在社会演进的过程中攫取了超额的土地与财产
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The newly formed Empire must be brought under the influence of the Greek mind. The people must be taught the Greek language-they must live in cities built after a Greek model. The Alexandrian soldier now turned school-master. The military camps of ye
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Chapter 19 第十九章 Athens VS. Sparta 雅典与斯巴达之战 How Athens and Sparta fought a long and disastrous war for the leadership of Greece 为争夺希腊半岛的领导权，雅典与斯巴达展开了一场漫长而灾难深重的战争。
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An insignificant quarrel between two little Greek cities led to the final conflict. For thirty years the war between Athens and Sparta continued. It ended in a terrible disaster for Athens. 一段时间里，雅典与斯巴达相安无事。可一件小
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As the years went by the influence of Carthage upon her neighbours increased until the greater part of the African coast, Spain and certain regions of France were Carthaginian possessions, and paid tribute, taxes and dividends to the mighty city on t
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Our best guess is that the Etruscans came originally from Asia Minor and that a great war or a pestilence in that country had forced them to go away and seek a new home elsewhere. Whatever the reason for their coming, the Etruscans played a great r?l
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Other nations, Egyptians, Babylonians, Phoenicians, even Greeks, would have insisted upon a treaty of submission on the part of thebarbarians, The Romans did nothing of the sort. They gave the outsidera chance to become partners in a common res publi
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The Senate promised the help of the Latin armies, but the preparation for this expedition took some time, and meanwhile Saguntum had been taken and had been destroyed. This had been done in direct opposition to the will of Rome. The Senate decided up
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He had defeated the Roman army of Scipio on the banks of the Rhone and he had guided his army safely across the mountain passes of theAlps although it was October and the roads were thickly covered with snow and ice. Then he had joined forces with th
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