【一起听英语】男女比例会失衡吗

 今天文章讲的是男性基因染色体的问题，如果男性染色体正发生着变化，会造成地球上男女比例失衡吗？

Neil: Hello and welcome to Six-Minute English from BBC Learning English, I'm Neil

and with me today is Rosie.

Rosie: Hi there.

Neil: Well, today we're talking about men.

Rosie: That sounds interesting.

Neil: It is very interesting especially if you're a man because it seems we've had

our existence extended.

Rosie: I'm sorry?

Neil: Well, some previous scientific research had suggested that the Y

chromosome 1, which is responsible for men's sex organs and hormones 2, is

rotting away!

Rosie: Oh dear. Are you going to make it till the end of the programme, Neil?

Neil: Ah yes – even the most pessimistic findings suggested that men had 100

thousand years left, so I think 6 minutes is ok! Before we get into this story

though, I have a quiz question for you, Rosie. Are you ready?

Rosie: Yes, I am.

Neil: It's a simple question. What is the ratio of men to women in the world? Is it

a) Equal – so 100 males to every 100 females.

 b) 101 males to every 100 females.

 c) 100 males to every 105 females.

Rosie: Well, I have absolutely no idea. So, I am going to guess and I am going to

say c) 100 males to every 105 females.

Neil: OK, we'll find out at the end of the programme.

Rosie: So, tell me more about this new research into the possible extinction 3 of men.

Neil: Well it now seems that men can breathe a sigh of relief. Scientists

compared the decline in the male human's Y chromosome – remember that's 

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the thing that's responsible for deciding the sex of a child – with that of the

rhesus monkey.

Rosie: OK. That's the monkey that we separated from 25 million years ago.

Neil: That's right. And their conclusion was that the Y chromosome is depleted 4 but

it's still got all of the vital bits.

Rosie: Lucky you! Here's Jennifer Hughes from the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge

Massachusetts. She was in charge of the research:

Jennifer Hughes, Whitehead Institute in Cambridge Massachusetts

I think that the odds 5 of the Y losing any more genes 6 are pretty slim. It appears that it's

been stable for 25 million years and that is a good indication that's it going to be stable for

many many millions of years to come and the genes that remain on the Y probably have

very important functions and therefore natural selection is doing a very good job of

preserving those genes.

Rosie: She said the odds of the Y chromosome losing any more genes are pretty

slim – meaning it's unlikely. Genes are the parts of cells which have the

information which passes characteristics from a parent to a child.

Neil: So it sounds like us males are safe for many millions of years to come.

Rosie: She also added that natural selection is doing a very good job of preserving

the genes.

Neil: Natural selection is the way animals die when they are weak or living in

unsuitable surroundings. Meanwhile the stronger ones continue to live. Let's

have another listen to that interview with Jennifer Hughes, who's in charge of

the research:

Jennifer Hughes, Whitehead Institute in Cambridge Massachusetts

I think that the odds of the Y losing any more genes are pretty slim. It appears that it's

been stable for 25 million years and that is a good indication that's it going to be stable for

many many millions of years to come and the genes that remain on the Y probably have

very important functions and therefore natural selection is doing a very good job of

preserving those genes.

Neil: Now here's an interesting fact, Rosie. Did you know that men's sex

chromosomes 7 are not as sophisticated as female ones?

Rosie: No I didn't know that, but it doesn't come as a surprise to me!

Neil: I thought you might say that. But you know what – I'm happy having less

sophisticated chromosomes if it means men continue to live for a little longer.

Now there's only one way to end this programme, Rosie, and that is to

imagine a world without men. 

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Rosie: OK, well for a start more would get done.

Neil: Are you suggesting that men are lazy?

Rosie: Well, they can be. My boyfriend, for example, had never used a washing

machine until he was 30 years old.

Neil: Right, well we're getting into stereotypes 8 here! So how about this one - if

there were only women in the world, you'd never get into the bathroom.

Rosie: OK, I'll give you that one. I agree that women do spend longer in the

bathroom than men.

Neil: And who's going to catch spiders and mice for you?

Rosie: Ah, now that is absolutely not true! My boyfriend is terrified of mice. In fact

he ran away from one in the kitchen just last night.

Neil: Well, to be honest, I don't really like mice either, I must say. But what about

lifting heavy things? I am always expected to do heavy lifting, which I hate by

the way.

Rosie: Yes I confess that men are useful for that. And also for opening jars with the

lids too tightly screwed on. And on a more serious note, I think there would

probably be far fewer wars if there were only women. I think women would be

more likely to talk problems over than resort to violence.

Neil: Well you might be right there but it's difficult to say because most of the

world's leaders are men of course. OK Rosie, this entertaining debate must

come to an end. We need an answer to the question. I asked what the ratio is

of men to women in the world. Is it

a) Equal – so for every 100 males there are 100 females.

 b) 101 males to every 100 females.

 c) 100 males to every 105 females.

 What did you say?

Rosie: I said c) 100 males to every 105 females

Neil: And you were completely wrong. It's 101 males to every 100 females. Do join

us again for more 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Bye for now!

Rosie: Bye bye!