【一起听英语】原住民

考古学家最近发现了很久之前生活在澳大利亚的土著原住民的遗骸，他们都有什么新的调查结果呢？

Rob: Hello, I'm Rob.

Cath: And I'm Cath.

Rob: And welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Today we're

talking about bones.

Cath: Yes but not any bones, these are very old bones from past generations of

Aborigines – the native people of Australia.

Rob: And these bones have become artefacts on display in museums around the

world – but not for much longer. More about that soon. But first, I've got a

question for you Cath. Are you ready?

Cath: Yes!

Rob: Where in your body would you find the humerus bone? In your:

a) leg

b) arm

c) head

Cath: I'm very confident about this. I think it's in your arm and sometimes we call it

 your funny bone.

Rob: OK, well, we'll see if you're right at the end of the programme. Bones are the

subject of today's programme and particularly ones belonging to the ancestors

of one of the oldest and smallest ethnic 1 groups in the world. 

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Cath: Yes the Aborigines of Australia.

Rob: They now only account for approximately 2% of the Australian population and

they've maintained many of their traditions and beliefs.

Cath: Yes, they attach a lot of importance to the bones of their dead.

Rob: That's why The University of Sydney's Museum of Anatomy 2 is returning the

bones it has in its collection to the Aboriginal 3 people following a long

campaign. Let's hear from the BBC's Phil Mercer about why the bones were

collected in the first place. Listen to how he describes what people thought of

Aborigines.

Phil Mercer, BBC

For more than 150 years the bones of indigenous 4 Australians were collected around the world

as part of studies into an ancient and enduring culture. Aborigines were often considered to be

anthropological 5 oddities. Their bone structure and skull 6 size attracted great scientific interest.

Other remains 7 were found during construction work or by farmers and given to institutions for

safekeeping.

Rob: So Phil Mercer was talking about how, for 150 years, people collected the

bones of indigenous Australians.

Cath: Indigenous – that means people who belong to a place. In this case the

Aboriginal people. And scientists considered these people to be

anthropological oddities.

Rob: Anthropology 8 is to do with studying the origins of the human race.

Cath: And oddities here means something unusual. So the Aborigines are called

anthropological oddities because their bone size and skull structure were

different from most other humans. So scientists were fascinated by this and

when bones were found they were given to institutions – museums – for

safekeeping. 

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Rob: Yes, they were looked after and put on display. But there's a sad side to this

because Aborigines attach great importance to them. They believe that unless

the dead are totally buried they will remain as souls in torment 9.

Cath: Torment means extreme suffering. So obviously they were very very keen to

get the bones back.

Rob: And now the remains of six people have been returned and this was marked by

a special event, or ceremony. Community elders from remote towns across

Australia travelled to attend and carry out some of their rituals.

Cath: A ritual is something carried out in the same way every time. We can hear

more about it from the deputy vice-chancellor of Sydney University, Professor

Shane Houston. Hear how he describes the event…

Shane Houston, deputy vice-chancellor of Sydney University

It is a point in culture that says that spirits cannot rest far from country and we engage in a

smoking ceremony to prepare ourselves and to prepare our ancestors for the trip back home.

And it is an incredibly moving event where people embrace remains and embrace each other

as if you would embrace a family member who has been apart for many years.

Rob: That was a very happy Shane Houston describing the ceremony as very

moving – or emotional. He says their ancestors were prepared for the trip back

home.

Cath: I'm sure it was a very emotional time so it's not surprising that people were

embracing – or hugging - each other and embracing the remains like a family

member who they haven't seen for a very long time. A very touching 10 moment.

So Rob, what happens to the bones now, do they pass to the community elders?

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Rob: Well there's an amazing amount of information about these people and the

Aboriginal community have a lot of knowledge about their background so the

museum has returned the bones to the descendants – or relatives – of the dead.

Cath: That's good to hear but there must be a lot more bones still being exhibited

around the world?

Rob: There are, so campaigners are continuing to lobby museums and colleges

overseas to return their collections. But some have been repatriated 11 – or

brought home – in recent years.

Cath: Still a lot of work to do, it sounds like.

Rob: And I set you some work earlier, to work out the answer to this question.

Where in your body would you find the humerus bone? In your:

a) leg

b) arm

c) head

Cath: And I was very confident and I said arm.

Rob: And you're right. We do sometimes call it our funny bone when you knock it, it

doesn't make you laugh though, it hurts!

Cath: No it just hurts actually, it's horrible!

Rob: OK Cath, could you please remind us of some of the vocabulary we've heard

today?

Cath: Sure. We had: 

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native

artefacts

ancestors

indigenous

safekeeping

torment

ceremony

rituals

moving

embracing

lobby

Rob: Thanks Cath. We hope you've enjoyed today's programme, and don't forget

you can download it as a podcast. Please join us again for another 6 Minute

English very soon.

Both: Bye!