时间:2018-12-27 作者:英语课 分类:一起听英语


英语课

每年牛津字典都会录入一些新的词汇,这些词汇是怎么产生的....


Alice: Hello! I’m Alice and this is 6 Minute English…. I’m joined today by


Rob. Hi Rob.


Rob: Hello Alice.


Alice: Today we’re talking about some of the new words which have entered


the English language recently.


Rob: These are words which have been added to the Oxford 1 Dictionary of


English this year.


Alice: There are quite a few but we thought we’d pick some which you might


enjoy using. But first – a question – Rob can you guess how many new


words or phrases were added in this latest edition? Is it: 100, 2,000 or


10,000.


Rob: I would think that there are thousands of new words every year but not


all of them are added to the dictionary. Let me have a think about it.


Alice: I’ll let you know at the end of the programme, but first let’s hear from


Catherine Sommes from the Oxford English Dictionary talking about


how they choose which new words will make it into the new edition. 


6 Minute English © bbclearningenglish.com 2010


Page 2 of 5


Extract 1:


What we can do – we’ve got software tools that actually show how words are being used,


how widely they’re being used, so it’s not just a question of numbers, it’s a question of


different places it’s being used so everywhere from magazines, to newspapers to


chatrooms.


Alice: So the company have software tools which are able to monitor new


words, how and when they are used.


Rob: Catherine Sommes says it’s not just a question of numbers – they


don’t just measure how often a new word is used


Alice: And she uses that phrase again. It’s a question of different places –


they also look at the different places where the word is used – for


example she says in magazines, newspapers and chatrooms.


Rob: So a word must be used in a variety of places.


Alice: That’s right. In order to make it into the dictionary it can’t just be


jargon 2 – words which are specific to particular fields of interest.


Many of the new words this year come from social networking. Here’s


Catherine Sommes again to explain:


Extract 2


Social networking as well is so huge – so we’re getting words in the dictionary now like


de-friend, or un-friend which means take somebody off your friend list on a social


networking site such as Facebook. We’re seeing lots of words like that come into the


language now. 


6 Minute English © bbclearningenglish.com 2010


Page 3 of 5


Alice: Rob have you heard the words ‘de-friend’, or ‘un-friend’?


Rob: I’ve never used them myself but I know what they mean!


Alice: If you remove someone from your friend list on social


networking sites you might de-friend them, or un-friend them. It’s


easy to make a new word just using the prefix 3 de- and un- but it does


sound a bit clumsy!


Rob: How about blogging?


Alice: Blogging has been in the dictionary for a while – but what about


micro-blogging? That’s a blog which is really small – it could just be


a sentence, a quick video-link or an image.


Rob: Now, Alice, Do you know what a dictionary attack is?


Alice: No.


Rob: It’s an attempt to find out your secret computer password by trying


an enormous number of words which might unlock it.


Alice: That sounds nasty! And so do some of the new words and phrases


which come from talking about the problems in the world’s economy.


Can you explain what toxic 4 debt is Rob?


Rob: I’ll try! It’s the phrase used to describe a class of assets which were


once valuable – mortgages or financial products – which are now 


6 Minute English © bbclearningenglish.com 2010


Page 4 of 5


worthless.


Alice: Pretty good! A toxic debt can be worthless or at least have a reduced


value which is hard to find out. Here’s another one we’ve heard quite


a lot over the last couple of years. Quantitative 5 easing. That’s when


governments put new money into the national money supply to ease


pressure on the economy.


Shall we have something more entertaining? My favourite new word is


this one:


Extract 3: Vuvuzela


 


Rob: Aha – that’s probably what the year 2010 will be remembered for. The


hum of the vuvuzela at the Football World Cup in South Africa.


Alice: So Rob have you thought about the answer to my question at the


beginning of the programme. How many new words do you think were


added to the dictionary this year?


Was it 100, 2000, or 10,000?


Rob: I think 100 is too little, and 10,000 is too many. So I’m going for 2000.


Alice: Well done! It’s actually slightly more than 2000 new words and


phrases in this year’s edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.


Shall we hear some of them again? 


6 Minute English © bbclearningenglish.com 2010


Page 5 of 5


Rob: Yes of course. And here’s some of the other language we heard in the


programme:


edition


software-tools


a question of


chatrooms


jargon


social networking


de-friend, un-friend


micro-blogging


dictionary attack


toxic debt


quantitative easing


vuvuzela


And we’ve got time to listen to Catherine Sommes from the Oxford


Dictionary of English talking about the 2010 edition again:


Extracts 1 and 2 (repeated)


Alice: Well that’s all we’ve got time for today. Thanks for joining us and see


you next time. Bye! 



1 Oxford
n.牛津(英国城市)
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
2 jargon
n.术语,行话
  • They will not hear critics with their horrible jargon.他们不愿意听到评论家们那些可怕的行话。
  • It is important not to be overawed by the mathematical jargon.要紧的是不要被数学的术语所吓倒.
3 prefix
n.前缀;vt.加…作为前缀;置于前面
  • We prefix "Mr."to a man's name.我们在男士的姓名前加“先生”。
  • In the word "unimportant ","un-" is a prefix.在单词“unimportant”中“un”是前缀。
4 toxic
adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
  • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
  • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
5 quantitative
adj.数量的,定量的
  • He said it was only a quantitative difference.他说这仅仅是数量上的差别。
  • We need to do some quantitative analysis of the drugs.我们对药物要进行定量分析。
学英语单词
a strake
activated sludge filamentation bulking
adder accumulator
al faw (fao)
alkaline incrusted cystitis
apple jellies
B. & T.
bar disintegrator
baseball-card
be in favour
be no end fine
big-endian and little-endian
bolivian monetary units
boyis
camshaft gear drive
cap flashing
Cardium
cavetti
chinese calligraphy
claimants ledger
conversational report
crab winch
cutting over
delay mixing
deletes
demeurer
dhoruba
diatomaceous chert
double counterpoint in the twelfth
Dove Dale
energy-intensive technology
esc.
Ethershare
evaporable waste
Evenk
expendient
false reed
flour
forward current rating
genuflect
guardaba
hand driven generator
hattrick
heat exchange in sea
ice cream slab
indicine
individual cylinder
inhabited building distance
inherent opening time
ioderma
ko gaku (japan)
Kǒmdǒksan
mace butter
Madison River
mat matter
matrix gate
micro-code
monosyaptic reflex
multiple terminal
N-dimethylcyclohexaneethylamine
Nafrine
nuclear magnetic resonance computerized tomography
ordinal indicator
ordinary budget
Paleo-Siberian languages
Paneth and Hevesy method
passing shot
physik
pilot light burner
polyphenol-aldehyde fibre reinforcement
precompute
preferee
pry bars
Puricama
raphe of scrotum
rejoindure
roller cone
run-up brake
Salix microphyta
salmorejo
salvage group
scammoniae resina
scummers
semibatch selectivity
Serangoon, Pulau
Sitosterln
slamkins
sphinx-likest
sulfhydryl compound
super typhoon
taxable base
transfrontal orbitotomy
trial at nisi prius
triphenylguanidine
ultraviolet absorber fixative
unique array
unsupportively
vertical sliding window
vessel detection
virusin
yellow-orange leaf