【英语时差8,16】用普通人的细胞制造干细胞
时间：2018-12-27 作者：英语课 分类：英语时差8，16
Making Stem Cells From Ordinary Adult Cells Most cells in our bodies are unipotent, that is they stay the same throughout their lives. For example, once a skin cell, always a skin cell–they never start turning into brain cells. The exception is stem cells. As a fertilized 1 egg starts to divide and grow into a complete organism, the cells in this developing ball of embryo 2 are known as pluripotent stem cells. As these cells divide, they change, or “differentiate,” into muscle, lung, or any other kind of cell needed to build a body. This amazing trait is what makes embryonic 3 stem cell research so important. For example, pluripotent stem cells might potentially be used to make new treatments or cures by replacing diseased cells with new ones grown from stem cells. But despite their potential for good, embryonic stem cell research has sparked intense political controversy 4. But in 2007, scientists made a revolutionary breakthrough. Three different groups simultaneously 5 announced that they had converted unipotent, mature skin cells back into an undifferentiated state. In other words, they had created cells that behaved like embryonic stem cells without using any embryo derived 6 materials. These new cells, dubbed 7 “induced pluripotent stem cells” or IPS’s could then be converted into a variety of different cell types, such as pancreas, muscle or brain cells. The IPS’s were created by inserting certain genes 8 into the DNA 9 of the adult cells. The inserted genes turn on cellular 10 signals that allow the cell to change into new cell types. This breakthrough brings us closer to exciting possibilities such as custom designed treatments, drugs or tissue transplant using stem cells made from the patient’s own cells.
- The study of psychology has recently been widely cross-fertilized by new discoveries in genetics. 心理学研究最近从遗传学的新发现中受益匪浅。
- Flowers are often fertilized by bees as they gather nectar. 花常在蜜蜂采蜜时受粉。
- They are engaging in an embryo research.他们正在进行一项胚胎研究。
- The project was barely in embryo.该计划只是个雏形。
- It is still in an embryonic stage.它还处于萌芽阶段。
- The plan,as yet,only exists in embryonic form.这个计划迄今为止还只是在酝酿之中。
- That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
- We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。
- The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
- The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
- Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
- Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》
- You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪