时间:2018-12-27 作者:英语课 分类:英语时差8,16


英语课

The Shape Of Lightning Bolts As a thundercloud moves through the air, a strong negative charge gathers near its base. Because opposite charges attract, this negative charge is anxious to combine with the positive charges in the ground. Eventually a lightning bolt forms to neutralize 1 these different charges. We might think that this bolt would want to jump in a straight line; that the electric charge would try to find the most direct route between thundercloud and ground. Why then are lightning bolts so jagged and irregular? The answer has to do with the complex way a lightning bolt forms. Although it looks like it forms all at once, a lightning bolt is actually produced in many steps. Instead of jumping right to the ground, the cloud’s negative charge begins with a short downward hop 2. This initial 3 hop is called a “leader,” and it’s no more than a few hundred feet long. From the lower end of this leader, another leader forms, and from the lower end of this, another. In this manner, the negative charge hops 4 downward from leader to leader like a frog jumping from lily pad to lily pad across a pond. While this is going on, the ground sends up its own chain of shorter, positively 5 charged leaders. It’s only when these two chains meet, about a hundred feet off the ground, that we see the lightning bolt’s flash. Lightning is jagged because each leader forms independently of the others. Each place a lightning bolt zigs or zags is where one leader stopped and another one started. Each place a lightning bolt forks is where two separate leaders formed from the bottom end of a single leader above. This whole process takes only a few thousandths of a second, but that’s enough time to sculpt 6 beautiful and complex lightning bolts.



1 neutralize
v.使失效、抵消,使中和
  • Nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
  • Acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱,亦能使酸中和。
2 hop
n.单脚跳,跳跃;vi.单脚跳,跳跃;着手做某事;vt.跳跃,跃过
  • The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest.孩子们举行比赛,看谁单足跳跃最快。
  • How long can you hop on your right foot?你用右脚能跳多远?
3 initial
adj.最初的,开始的,词首的;n.首字母,姓名的开头字母;vt.标注姓名的首字母于
  • After she'd overcome her initial shyness,she became very friendly.她克服了起初的羞怯之后,变得十分友善。
  • The experiments have given initial results eventually.那些试验总算初见成效了。
4 hops
跳上[下]( hop的第三人称单数 ); 单足蹦跳; 齐足(或双足)跳行; 摘葎草花
  • The sparrow crossed the lawn in a series of hops. 那麻雀一蹦一跳地穿过草坪。
  • It is brewed from malt and hops. 它用麦精和蛇麻草酿成。
5 positively
adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实
  • She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
  • The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。
6 sculpt
n.雕刻,雕塑,雕刻品,雕塑品
  • When I sculpt,my style is expressionistic.我的雕刻风格是表现主义。
  • Then,sculpt the remaining fringe parting.然后雕刻剩余的边缘部分。
学英语单词
adding limestone
afbds
algera akinesia
Ammoket
androgynous docking system
antischool
auxiliary statistic
azotizing
Batchelorite
bedizens
board around/round
bowsprit bed
buddemeier
carrier sync
center/centre of twist
circot
classical elasticity
coefficient of effective aperture
computable general equilibrium (cge)model
constant pressure mixing
coping style
design manager
Diabex
diagonal and longitudinal built
dicacodyl oxide
dumbbutt
electronic management system
elevation of pole
entry corridor
falmers
ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition
fissionable fuel
fitting surface
french weeds
full detail
Godelleta
green-yellows
guide passage
highland ice
Hillerslev
Hoeam
Hueck's ligament
hyperplasic
image maker, imagemaker
integral distribution curve
JavaSoft
junior scram
l'annee
larranaga
lassally
lesser wintergreen
longitudinal electro-motive force
loveboats
manhole collar
marine fire-fighting system
menstruant
Merremia hederacea
moonride
Morinda hupehensis
neutron multiplication factor
normal codition
ocean bed
one pass compiler
OR mapping
OSAT
oxycel
photoisland grid
plastiform
polar outbreak
Precose
preter-
printing-out paper
psammitic structure
quadricillate zoospore
Quambatook
Quanzhou kilns
receiver dynamic range
renin-angiotensin-aldosterones
richness index
rotary slurry distributor
ruffians
Sabine formula
schisticeps
Schoenflies' symbols
shipping space
silychristin
single iron pulley block
single row
sow box
speed of shear waves
Strobilanthes oligantha
structure array
Temryukskiy Rayon
terminal carboxyl
TGVs
theobromina
time-mark generator
tongolense
tool quality
triphedinon
USPF
yttrialite- (y)