英语语法精讲：倒装句

 　近年来试题对倒装的考查一般结合其它语法现象和习惯句型进行。如虚拟语气中条件从句的倒装;no sooner...than，not until等引起的倒装等。

　　热点之一：含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装
　　此类副词有：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等。例如：
　　Not a single word did he say at the meeting.(在会上，他什么也没说。)
　　【原题重现】1.The old couple have been married 1 for 40years and never once ____ with each other.(NMET 2003)
　　A.they had quarreled 2
　　B.they have quarreled
　　C.have they quarreled
　　D.had they quarreled(key：C)
　　【简析】本题中关键词是never这一副词，与现在完成时态连用引起部分倒装。
　　【原题重现】2.Not a single song ____ at yesterday's party.(2001上海)
　　A.she sang B.sang she
　　C.did she sing D.she did sing
　　(key：C)
　　【简析】本题是否定副词not与一般过去时态共同形成的部分倒装。
　　热点之二：含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装
　　此类连接词有：not only...but also，neither...nor...，no sooner...than，scarcely...when，hardly...when等。请看例句：
　　No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.(她一出门电话就响了。)
　　【原题重现】3.Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it.(2002上海春)
　　A.the teacher himself is;all his students are
　　B.the teacher himself is ;are all his students
　　C.is the teacher himself ;are all his students
　　D.is the teacher himself ;all his students are(key：D)
　　【简析】包含not only...but(also)结构的句子，如果not only置于句首，not only所在句子要形成部分倒装，but(also)后面的句子不要倒装。
　　热点之三：搞清so(nor ，neither)+助动词+主语与so(nor ，neither)+主语+助动词之间的区别
　　前者表示重复前句部分的内容，译为“也是如此”。而后者表示对前句内容的进一步肯定或证实，译为“确实如此”。例如：
　　Lily can't answer the question.Neither can I.(莉莉不能回答这个问题。我也不能。)
　　Tom was late for school yesterday.So he was.(汤姆昨天上学迟到了。他确实如此。)
　　【原题重现】4.—David has made great progress recently.
　　—____，and ____.(1997上海)
　　A.So he has;so you have
　　B.So he has;so have you
　　C.So has he;so have you
　　D.So has he;so you have(key：B)
　　【简析】前半部分意为“他的确如此”，对以上事实进一步肯定;后半部分意为“你也是如此”，属于部分倒装。
　　热点之四：省略if的虚拟条件句以had /were /should开头引起的部分倒装
　　这是虚拟语气中比较特殊的一种，其实质就是省略if后引起的变化。如：
　　Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams.(要是他努力学习的话，他是会通过考试的。)
　　【原题重现】5.____ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to see the films so often.(1995上海)
　　A.If it is not B.Were it not
　　C.Had it not been
　　D.If they were not(key：C)
　　【简析】在虚拟语气中表达与过去事实相反的假设，主句用would have +过去分词，从句用had +过去分词，省略If后就将助动词had提前引起部分倒装。
　　热点之五：not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装
　　not until意为“直到……才……”，位于句首时引起后面的主句倒装。如：
　　Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.(直到老师来了他才完成作业。)
　　【原题重现】6.Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET1995)
　　A.did the villagers 3 realize
　　B.the villagers realize
　　C.the villagers did realize
　　D.didn't the villagers realize(key：A)
　　【简析】本题便是not until置于句首引起的部分倒装。
　　热点之六：only短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
　　only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，常引起后面句子部分倒装。如：
　　Only in this way can you learn English well.(只有通过这种方式，你才能把英语学好。)
　　【原题重现】7.____ can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001春)
　　A.With hard work B.Although work hard
　　C.Only with hard work
　　D.Now that he works 4 hard(key：C)
　　【简析】only位于句首与介词短语构成了部分倒装，其他选项均不能引起倒装。
　　【原题重现】8.Only in this way ____ to make improvement 5 in the operating system.(2003上海春)
　　A.you can hope B.you did hope
　　C.can you hope D.did you hope(key：C)
　　【简析】本题中only置于句首修饰介词短语，引起句子部分倒装。因为句意表达的是一种条件，所以使用助动词did不合题意。
　　巩固练习：选择正确答案
　　1.Only in this way ____ progress in your English.
　　A.you make B.can you make
　　C.you be able to make
　　D.will able to make
　　2.Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
　　A.didn't realize B.did I realize
　　C.I didn't realize D.I realize
　　3.Not only ____ to stay at home，but he was also forbidden 6 to see his friends.
　　A.he was forcing 7 B.he was forced 8
　　C.was he forcing D.was he forced
　　4.Never before ____ seen such a stupid 9 man.
　　A.am I B.was I C.have I D.shall 10 I
　　5.No sooner ____ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
　　A.she had fallen B.had she fallen
　　C.she had fall D.had she fell
　　6.She did not do it well，____.
　　A.did she do B.nor did he
　　C.neither did he D.B or C
　　7.____，they would certainly come and help us.
　　A.Had they time B.Did they have time
　　C.Had they have time
　　D.Did they time
　　8.—It was hot yesterday.
　　—____.
　　A.It was so B.So was it
　　C.So it was D.So is it
　　keys : 1—4BBDC 5—8BDAC