时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:2015年VOA慢速英语(十二)月


英语课

 



分词>第十二要点:<特殊现在分词短语>——赖世雄语法44


有些<分词短语>,有修饰整个句子的<副词>功能,形成了固定用法,通常它们放在句首,称作<特殊现在分词短语>。常用的有以下几个:


1,一般而言,男人比女人强壮。


——Generally speaking=in General=by and large


Generally speaking (the)man is stronger than (the) woman.


——当2个<名词>( man)和(woman)对称时,前面的<冠词> 可省略掉:


类似的例句:夫妻之间要有爱。


Ther’re must be trust [true love] between husband and wife.


2,严格来说,他还不够好。


Strictly 1 speaking he is not good enough. strictly


3,老实[坦白地]说,他不是我想要的人。


frankly 2 speaking= frankly=to be frank(with you)


Frankly speaking he is not a man I want. frankly


4,从他的外表来看,他似乎很有钱呀。


Judging from his appearance he seems to be rich.


~Considering -----------------------------------.


5,谈到他的小说,你也没有看他的作品。


Talking of [speaking of] a novels have you not read works.


6,根据约翰的说法,这场大火是早上10点发生的。break out突然发生


According to John the fire broke out at ten in the morning .


break out突然发生 爆发


注意:由于 因为 既然Seeing that=Now that=Since——<连词>


既然你现在没有时间,我会叫彼得取代你。


Seeing that you have no time I have Peter replace you .


——这里的have是<使役动词>,用法:[have+<宾语>+<原形动词>(<宾语补足语>)],译作“叫某人做什么事情”。曾说过的例子——


I had Peter do the work yesterday.


I had Johne wash my car yesterday.


<分词>要点第十三:<使役动词>


有些<使役动词>,用<分词短语>作<宾语补足语>。


和<使役动词>有关的<分词短语>,由于经常出现——习惯用法,所以要牢记:


1, 我让时钟开始走。I started the clock going.


2, 这个消息让我心悸不已。The news site my heart throbing . throb 3


3, 我很抱歉,让你等侯了。I’m sory to have kept you waited.


4, 我没办法被人了解。I couldn’t make myself understood.


5, 我的鞋修好了。I had my shoes mended.


——[had+<宾语>+<过去分词>]时,had,意思为“把”;见例句①


——[had+<宾语>+<原形动词>]时,had,意思为“叫”;见例句②


我把我的车洗好了。I had my car washed. ①


我叫他替我洗车。 I had him wash my carg. ②


这个用法跟get的概念一样,不过<宾语>之后不能加<原形动词>,要加to:


我把我的车洗好了。I got my car washed. ①


我叫他替我洗车。 I got him to wash my carg.


6, 他做了一套新西装。He got new suit made.= He had new suit made.


7a,你应该不要提这件事情的。He should leave it unsaid. “任由它不(被)说出来”


7b,你应该任由这工作不要被做,让工作动都不要动。——


He should leave that job undone 4.


leave vt. 听任 任由;


unsay vt. 收回(说过的话);此处的unsaid,是<过去分词> “不被说出来”


8, 我喜欢我的蛋(被)煮成是半熟的。I like my eggs half-boiled.


9, 我期望这东西下个礼拜天把它做完。I wish it(to be)finished next Sunday.


10, 我的表被偷了。I had my watch stolen. ——“我把我的表被人偷了。”


<动名词>——


<动名词>就是:[<动词>+ing],它跟<现在分词>形态一摸一样。怎么分辨呢?


<现在分词>通常做<形容词>用,或者表示一个进行的一种状态。比如:


①,他正在跳舞,He is dancing.


——dancing就是<现在分词>,表示一个进行的一种状态;


但是同样一个字dancing,可以是<动名词>。比如:


②,我的嗜好就是跳舞。My habit is dancing. 你可以句子颠倒过来说:


③,跳舞是我的嗜好。 Dancing is my habit.


——句③告诉我们,同样一个字dancing,在句③里,可以做<主语>,这个<主语>必须要有<名词>的功能,所以,这个<动词>变成的<名词>作<主语>的就叫做<动名词>。


由句①、③可知,关键是:不能看样子,要看功能,完全取决于功能。


④,我喜欢跳舞。 I enjoy dancing./ ⑤,我喜欢。 I enjoy nusic.


——dancing是作enjoy的<宾语>,也有<名词>的功能。就好像句⑤。


——句②和句③中的dancing,都具有<名词>的功能,


以上是大概的概念,以下作细一步讲解:<动名词>的形态,跟<现在分词>形态是完全一样的。看例子:


①,他正在跳舞, He is dancing. ——dancing是<现在分词>


②,他的嗜好就是跳舞。His habit is dancing. ——dancing是<动名词>


③,现在她不知道该怎么办,所以他感到羞耻。


Now no knowing how to do it he feels shamed.


——Now no knowing how to do it是<现在分词短语>


——Now no knowing how to do it它是是从:“Now he didn't know how to do it he feels shamed.”单句简化过来的。


④,现在不知道该怎么办,对他来讲是一种羞耻:


Now no knowing how to do it was a shame to him.


——Now no knowing how to do it是<动名词短语>,作了<主语>。完全取决于功能!


由于<动名词>跟<现在分词>的形态是完全相同,因此往往将它们混为一谈,以至于在从事翻译时,造成一时的偏差,所以需要谨慎。破解这个问题的秘密就要牢记:<动名词>是<动词>变成的<名词>,具有<名词>的性质。我们都知道<名词>在句中它可以当<主语>/<宾语>/<宾语>/<补语>,同样,<动名词>在句中它也可以当<主语>/<宾语>/<宾语>/<补语>。


1,<动名词>在句中它也可以当<主语>——


①,跟他一起工作有趣。


Working with him is fun.——Working with him,<动名词短语>。


②,眼见为凭。Seeing is believing.——Seeing,<动名词>。


③,失去了他的财富,逼得他发疯了。


Losing his fortune drove him mad [crazy].


drive vt. 逼迫 驾驶; mad [crazy]:him后头通常用<形容词>作<补语>。


④,Now no knowing how to do it was a shame to him.


注意——


1,上诉例子中的Working / Seeing / Loosing / no knowing均作<主语>,所以称作<动名词>。


2, <动名词>作<主语>时,仍有<动词>的意味,所以:假如某<动名词>原来的<动词>是“vt.”的话,该<动名词>后头还是需要放置<宾语>的。其<宾语>即使是复数,但所形成的<动名词短语>仍视为单数,后头的<动词>要用单数——


爬山有助于让每个人的紧张情绪松弛下来。


Climbing mountains help(to)relax a tension.×


Climbing mountains helps(to)relax a tension.√


3,<动名词短语>作<主语>时,也可以被虚<主语>“it”来代替,而将该<动名词短语>移到句尾,并且将<动名词短语>改成<不定式短语>——


①,Climbing mountains helps(to)relax a tension.→


It helps(to)relax a tension to climb mountains.


②,Losing his fortune drove him mad [crazy]. →


It drove him mad [crazy] to lose his fortune.


③,Now no knowing how to do it was a shame to him. →


It was a shame to him to not know how to do it


重点单词 关闭全部解释  


 strictly['striktli]


adv. 严格地


 fortune['f?:t??n]


n. 财产,命运,运气


 frank[fr??k]


adj. 坦白的,直率的,真诚的


vt. 免费


 appearance[?'pi?r?ns]


n. 外表,外貌,出现,出场,露面


联想记忆


 unsaid[,?n'sed]


adj. 未说出口的;未用语言表达出来的 v. 取消;撤


 replace[ri(:)'pleis]


vt. 取代,更换,将物品放回原处


 tension['ten??n]


n. 紧张,拉力,张力,紧张状态,[电]电压




1 strictly
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
2 frankly
adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说
  • To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说,我一点也不赞成这个主意。
  • Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说,我不反对改革。
3 throb
v.震颤,颤动;(急速强烈地)跳动,搏动
  • She felt her heart give a great throb.她感到自己的心怦地跳了一下。
  • The drums seemed to throb in his ears.阵阵鼓声彷佛在他耳边震响。
4 undone
a.未做完的,未完成的
  • He left nothing undone that needed attention.所有需要注意的事他都注意到了。
学英语单词
alpha-proton reaction
alpinia officinarum
alterna-
answer-back signal
archimimes
Arequipite
as like as chalk to cheese
autonomous amplitude limiter
autoregressive deconvolution
avantgardistic
benzhydryl amine
Bermudian rig
bertalanffies
biennial bearing
bitser
blue tulips
Booth, Edwin (Thomas)
brass instrument
bus-fare
casting surface
cherogrils
Chinese lexicology
CORDAT
craplets
critical melting point
descended upon
DIS/SEC
ephedine
epidermolysis acquisita
ethenylene
Ferospace
fibre optic memory
film disk
floating sludge
flobber
fluorocomplex
free-response
gamed
gastrostyle
good wishes
Gr. S.
gradient projection method
graduates
hemochromatosis
hunting-cat
hydroxy-malonic acid
hyperboloidal mirror
industrially advanced country
Kirovskaya
Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-,lst Baron Lytton
manograph
Mansonia annulatus
mid ordinate
miediling
modulation formats
native vermilion
onerari non debet
orizio
part-time bowler
peltate tentacle
pigeonhole principle
point-contact
polychromism
postboat
preemulsion
primary tentacle
promote the sale of products
Pueblan
rail loading machine
renal fibroid sarcoma
rescue cutter
rich chromium ball bearing steel wire
rio bravoes
rogueish
Sarcosperma arboreum
scientific notation
search frequency generator
second reserve
signal instructions
smart structure technology
sodium dodecylsulfate
spelye
square normal closed double head wrench
steam-powers
steering engine valve
subnuclear particle
subsizar
Syringa julianae
tarsal pulvilli
text-understanding
twin-cams
unnarratable
uova
vacuum diffusion pump
valley girls
varitypers
Villiers
vinylcarbenoids
vizament
walruslike
Web Pad
withametelins