时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:2015年VOA慢速英语(十二)月


英语课

 



用<分词结构>简化<形容词从句> ——赖世雄语42


第七个要点


前面已经谈了:第一,2个<动词>在一起没有<连接词>怎样地简化、第二,2个<从句>在一起没有<连接词>怎样地简化。


现在要谈用<分词结构>简化<形容词从句>,使句子更简洁。——


在限定修饰的<形容词从句>(<关系代词>前面没有逗号)中,如果<关系代词>作<主语>时,就可以简化成<分词短语>。其方法:


其一,把<关系代词>(包括)去掉;


其二,把后面的<动词>变成<现在分词>;


其三,如果是<be动词>,就变成being。being可省略掉。


(本人觉得应明确:


1,若为[have/had+<过去分词>]<动词>,只把<助动词>have/had改为<现在分词>即可——<过去分词>保持原样;


2,若为[be(is are was were)+<过去分词>]的<动词>,只把<助动词>be(is are was were改为being即可——<过去分词>保持原样.)


例1:这个问题困扰我好长时间。


That's a problem that had bothered me for along time.


------------------having bothered --------------------.


<关系代词>that(或用which)前没逗号,引出的是限定修饰的<形容词从句>,非要它不可,要先翻译<从句>。如果有逗号, 一顺位翻译,但中文有点儿“不顺”。所以不能有逗号。


例2:这是一本值得看的书。 be worthy 1 of…,值得……


This's a book which is worthy of reading.


--------------( being) ------------------.


这句话,which前面不可以有逗号——“这是一本书,值得看。”,谁不晓得“这是一本书”。为了限定 “这本书”,必须是:“这是一本值得看的书。This's a book which is worthy of reading.”


例3:这个在自己的房间里正在读小说的男孩子,并不是道这个意外事件。


The boy who was reading novel at the own room didn't know the accident.


- ---------( being ) ---------------------------------------------------------.


例4:被锁在门后的男孩是谁呀?


Who’s the boy that is locked behind the door.


----------------( being) -----------------------.


用<分词短语>简化<形容词从句>的注意点:


第一,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,通常不得简化为<分词结构>;例如:


1,——“限”※1。我喜欢正在和玛丽说话这个男孩。


I like the boy who’s talking Mary.


-------------( being) ------------. √


※1:限定修饰的<形容词从句>,要先译<形容词从句>。


2,——“非限”※2。我喜欢这个男孩,他正在和玛丽说话。


I like the boy, who’s talking Mary.


如果你简化了,句意就被改变了!:


我喜欢这个男孩,我同时正在和玛丽说话。


--------------,( being) -----------.


※2:非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,要按“一顺位”译。


第二,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>的结构,若是:[<关系代词>+<be动词>+<名词>],仍然可以化简,形成<同位语>,此<同位语>放在后头也行,放在前头也行;例如:


1,约翰是我的好友很用功。


Johne, who’s a good friend mine studys hard.※1


Johne( being) a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ※2 ——放在Johne的后头


( being)a good friend mine Johne studys hard. ※2 ——放在Johne的前头


※1:who’s good friend mine是非限定修饰的<形容词从句>;


※2:( being) good friend mine变成了Johne的<主语>的<同位语>。


2,他很用功,这是大家都知道的事实。 ——which,代表的是He studys hard,


He studys hard, which is a fact that know to all of us.


He studys hard ( being ) a fact that know to all of us.


He studys hard a fact know to all of us. ——又省略了that。


第三,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,如果在是<主语>之后插入的话,它也可以改变成<分词短语>,所形成的<分词词组>,可置于<主语>前或后。例如:


1,约翰渴望学英语,决定要出国深造。


Johne, who’s eager to lean English,has decided 2 to study abroad.


Johne( being) --------------English has---------------------------- . ①


(Being)eager to lean English Johne has decided to study abroad. ②


注:a,①:“置后”;② :“置前”;


b,句②也可视为由“Johne eager to lean English,Johne has decided to


study abroad.”化简过来


化简练习


练习1——


我当时不知道如何处理之个问题,我就向他请教。


I didn't how how to deal with this problem, I consulted him. ×①


No knowing how to ---------------problem, I ------ -------. √②


给出的句子 ①:两个句子之间没有<连接词>,所以×。


a,将“,”→“;”;将“,”→“,+ <连接词>so”; 或:


b,将“I didn't how to deal with this problem”,变成<分词短语>,句②。


练习2——


我进门时,发现书(被)散满地都是。


I walked into the room,I find books which were scattered 3 around. ×①


When(As)I -----room, I find books which were scattered around. √②


------------------------, --------------(being)scattered around. √③


Enter the room , ---------------(being)scattered around. √④


给出的句子 ①:两个句子之间没有<连接词>,所以×。


a,句子②;将句子前面加上“When(As)”。


b,句子②中,∵<关系代词>和前没有逗号,∴可以变成<分词短语> :


去掉which,把 were 变成“(being)”,句③。


c,其实,还可以把When(As)和I去掉、把walked into用enter代替,句④。




1 worthy
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
2 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
3 scattered
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
  • Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
学英语单词
-fired
absolute coordinate system
accurate indication
aerosol-OT
Alport syndrome
androstadiene
awaywards
Bacillus corallinus
back-reference
Badigeru Swamp
batn
benzoylpas
Bersih
Beth-aven
boundary reflectance
cabinet for television set
Canary Islands
capital of Lesotho
cementing compound
cynoglossus puncticeps
Data set.
debilitants
developing new market
dextrocycloduction
distarch glycerol acetylated
doping concentration
dual cell
dugging
electrised
Elfros
Euro-german mark
exercise number
fairisles
fan-jets
fast multibit shifter
formicidaes
frequency sensitive varistor
from different angles
GC-MS
give a cry
hand brush
harkis
harpurs
home-makings
hydrostatic equation
ideal conceptual model
ill-placed
illuminometers
increased percentage
integra
intensive properties
investment workstation
jacquard neck-cord
jumber
laboratory notebooks
law of technology
lead foil screen
lucanus maculifemoratus taiwanus
Lutuamian
make-before-break
malodorous substance
Margaritana
monkey play (burma)
monofractals
Monte León
near-trace offset
net budget
net maximum work
officially recognized standard
omit note for order
onychia parasitica
ouabain
P-anisidine value
peak-to-peak variation
pillow biter
pnranoia religiosa
pseudofrenulum
radiothorium
raisin tea
raking coping
rear-end of spindle
reference magnet
relines
rixel
rose-cutter
second-phase
social affair
spectroprojector
spiral hose
spread of points
stock gauge
Sukkoth
TMGS
touch input system
triassic ocean
trihalogenated benzene
Télébodou
u-state
underlying bedrock
vaticanoes
warning triangles
Yetorofu