时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:2015年VOA慢速英语(十二)月


英语课

 



用<分词结构>简化<形容词从句> ——赖世雄语42


第七个要点


前面已经谈了:第一,2个<动词>在一起没有<连接词>怎样地简化、第二,2个<从句>在一起没有<连接词>怎样地简化。


现在要谈用<分词结构>简化<形容词从句>,使句子更简洁。——


在限定修饰的<形容词从句>(<关系代词>前面没有逗号)中,如果<关系代词>作<主语>时,就可以简化成<分词短语>。其方法:


其一,把<关系代词>(包括)去掉;


其二,把后面的<动词>变成<现在分词>;


其三,如果是<be动词>,就变成being。being可省略掉。


(本人觉得应明确:


1,若为[have/had+<过去分词>]<动词>,只把<助动词>have/had改为<现在分词>即可——<过去分词>保持原样;


2,若为[be(is are was were)+<过去分词>]的<动词>,只把<助动词>be(is are was were改为being即可——<过去分词>保持原样.)


例1:这个问题困扰我好长时间。


That's a problem that had bothered me for along time.


------------------having bothered --------------------.


<关系代词>that(或用which)前没逗号,引出的是限定修饰的<形容词从句>,非要它不可,要先翻译<从句>。如果有逗号, 一顺位翻译,但中文有点儿“不顺”。所以不能有逗号。


例2:这是一本值得看的书。 be worthy 1 of…,值得……


This's a book which is worthy of reading.


--------------( being) ------------------.


这句话,which前面不可以有逗号——“这是一本书,值得看。”,谁不晓得“这是一本书”。为了限定 “这本书”,必须是:“这是一本值得看的书。This's a book which is worthy of reading.”


例3:这个在自己的房间里正在读小说的男孩子,并不是道这个意外事件。


The boy who was reading novel at the own room didn't know the accident.


- ---------( being ) ---------------------------------------------------------.


例4:被锁在门后的男孩是谁呀?


Who’s the boy that is locked behind the door.


----------------( being) -----------------------.


用<分词短语>简化<形容词从句>的注意点:


第一,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,通常不得简化为<分词结构>;例如:


1,——“限”※1。我喜欢正在和玛丽说话这个男孩。


I like the boy who’s talking Mary.


-------------( being) ------------. √


※1:限定修饰的<形容词从句>,要先译<形容词从句>。


2,——“非限”※2。我喜欢这个男孩,他正在和玛丽说话。


I like the boy, who’s talking Mary.


如果你简化了,句意就被改变了!:


我喜欢这个男孩,我同时正在和玛丽说话。


--------------,( being) -----------.


※2:非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,要按“一顺位”译。


第二,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>的结构,若是:[<关系代词>+<be动词>+<名词>],仍然可以化简,形成<同位语>,此<同位语>放在后头也行,放在前头也行;例如:


1,约翰是我的好友很用功。


Johne, who’s a good friend mine studys hard.※1


Johne( being) a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ※2 ——放在Johne的后头


( being)a good friend mine Johne studys hard. ※2 ——放在Johne的前头


※1:who’s good friend mine是非限定修饰的<形容词从句>;


※2:( being) good friend mine变成了Johne的<主语>的<同位语>。


2,他很用功,这是大家都知道的事实。 ——which,代表的是He studys hard,


He studys hard, which is a fact that know to all of us.


He studys hard ( being ) a fact that know to all of us.


He studys hard a fact know to all of us. ——又省略了that。


第三,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,如果在是<主语>之后插入的话,它也可以改变成<分词短语>,所形成的<分词词组>,可置于<主语>前或后。例如:


1,约翰渴望学英语,决定要出国深造。


Johne, who’s eager to lean English,has decided 2 to study abroad.


Johne( being) --------------English has---------------------------- . ①


(Being)eager to lean English Johne has decided to study abroad. ②


注:a,①:“置后”;② :“置前”;


b,句②也可视为由“Johne eager to lean English,Johne has decided to


study abroad.”化简过来


化简练习


练习1——


我当时不知道如何处理之个问题,我就向他请教。


I didn't how how to deal with this problem, I consulted him. ×①


No knowing how to ---------------problem, I ------ -------. √②


给出的句子 ①:两个句子之间没有<连接词>,所以×。


a,将“,”→“;”;将“,”→“,+ <连接词>so”; 或:


b,将“I didn't how to deal with this problem”,变成<分词短语>,句②。


练习2——


我进门时,发现书(被)散满地都是。


I walked into the room,I find books which were scattered 3 around. ×①


When(As)I -----room, I find books which were scattered around. √②


------------------------, --------------(being)scattered around. √③


Enter the room , ---------------(being)scattered around. √④


给出的句子 ①:两个句子之间没有<连接词>,所以×。


a,句子②;将句子前面加上“When(As)”。


b,句子②中,∵<关系代词>和前没有逗号,∴可以变成<分词短语> :


去掉which,把 were 变成“(being)”,句③。


c,其实,还可以把When(As)和I去掉、把walked into用enter代替,句④。




1 worthy
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
2 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
3 scattered
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
  • Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
学英语单词
2-methyl-3-furancarboxylic acid
an open hand
anallagmatic
ATM switch
auricular block
Austurland
bathymetric line
bilker
bron
buccinator muscle
Bush Parole
cam and camshaft grinding maching
center-gauge
centertapped
chivalrous
chlidonias hybrida hybrida
chord of the four three
circular polarization antenna
constant-scanning
contractarianism
counter drill
CTR - click-through rate
cunestable
damerau
digital elevation model
dispeticioun
do one proud
Dolalgin
draughter gauge
dulls
ecoteur
emergency stairs
engirdle
Eria formosana
ethical value
ethyldiisoamyltin bromide
faiq
fanfare
fingerplate
free-height
Fulayj al Janūbī
gas generation
GD3
generative semantics
genus Sphacele
graphics viewer
great effort
greco-latin
greppi
Guimaras Str.
have an ax to grind
homoclinal shifting
hue circle
Huka Falls
inter-repeater links
iresenin
jack-knifes
krazkowski
Les Eyzies
Lobelia taliensis
Lysionotus angustisepalus
neglectly
non-revenue flight
not another word
Nyadire
nyctinastic movement
o'reilly
pentagonal prisms
picromerite
posterior lateral seta
preparable
raw metal
reduction of latitude
respited
retroflexio
rheinisch massif
ribitylfiavin
right of subrogation
Rākābād
secular vicar
sequestering activity
shop repair
shrinks
Siam, G. of
Siatista
stop-go control
subparallel fault
super helix
tabbiest
transpadane
Tryptizol
Tuamotu Ridge
tubus vertebralis
Tullamarine International Airport
unit separation
utility card input
vehicular load
voyeurists
watch for
well-designed form
wire-rimmed
zoometric