时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:2015年VOA慢速英语(十二)月


英语课

 



用<分词结构>简化<形容词从句> ——赖世雄语42


第七个要点


前面已经谈了:第一,2个<动词>在一起没有<连接词>怎样地简化、第二,2个<从句>在一起没有<连接词>怎样地简化。


现在要谈用<分词结构>简化<形容词从句>,使句子更简洁。——


在限定修饰的<形容词从句>(<关系代词>前面没有逗号)中,如果<关系代词>作<主语>时,就可以简化成<分词短语>。其方法:


其一,把<关系代词>(包括)去掉;


其二,把后面的<动词>变成<现在分词>;


其三,如果是<be动词>,就变成being。being可省略掉。


(本人觉得应明确:


1,若为[have/had+<过去分词>]<动词>,只把<助动词>have/had改为<现在分词>即可——<过去分词>保持原样;


2,若为[be(is are was were)+<过去分词>]的<动词>,只把<助动词>be(is are was were改为being即可——<过去分词>保持原样.)


例1:这个问题困扰我好长时间。


That's a problem that had bothered me for along time.


------------------having bothered --------------------.


<关系代词>that(或用which)前没逗号,引出的是限定修饰的<形容词从句>,非要它不可,要先翻译<从句>。如果有逗号, 一顺位翻译,但中文有点儿“不顺”。所以不能有逗号。


例2:这是一本值得看的书。 be worthy 1 of…,值得……


This's a book which is worthy of reading.


--------------( being) ------------------.


这句话,which前面不可以有逗号——“这是一本书,值得看。”,谁不晓得“这是一本书”。为了限定 “这本书”,必须是:“这是一本值得看的书。This's a book which is worthy of reading.”


例3:这个在自己的房间里正在读小说的男孩子,并不是道这个意外事件。


The boy who was reading novel at the own room didn't know the accident.


- ---------( being ) ---------------------------------------------------------.


例4:被锁在门后的男孩是谁呀?


Who’s the boy that is locked behind the door.


----------------( being) -----------------------.


用<分词短语>简化<形容词从句>的注意点:


第一,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,通常不得简化为<分词结构>;例如:


1,——“限”※1。我喜欢正在和玛丽说话这个男孩。


I like the boy who’s talking Mary.


-------------( being) ------------. √


※1:限定修饰的<形容词从句>,要先译<形容词从句>。


2,——“非限”※2。我喜欢这个男孩,他正在和玛丽说话。


I like the boy, who’s talking Mary.


如果你简化了,句意就被改变了!:


我喜欢这个男孩,我同时正在和玛丽说话。


--------------,( being) -----------.


※2:非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,要按“一顺位”译。


第二,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>的结构,若是:[<关系代词>+<be动词>+<名词>],仍然可以化简,形成<同位语>,此<同位语>放在后头也行,放在前头也行;例如:


1,约翰是我的好友很用功。


Johne, who’s a good friend mine studys hard.※1


Johne( being) a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ※2 ——放在Johne的后头


( being)a good friend mine Johne studys hard. ※2 ——放在Johne的前头


※1:who’s good friend mine是非限定修饰的<形容词从句>;


※2:( being) good friend mine变成了Johne的<主语>的<同位语>。


2,他很用功,这是大家都知道的事实。 ——which,代表的是He studys hard,


He studys hard, which is a fact that know to all of us.


He studys hard ( being ) a fact that know to all of us.


He studys hard a fact know to all of us. ——又省略了that。


第三,非限定修饰的<形容词从句>,如果在是<主语>之后插入的话,它也可以改变成<分词短语>,所形成的<分词词组>,可置于<主语>前或后。例如:


1,约翰渴望学英语,决定要出国深造。


Johne, who’s eager to lean English,has decided 2 to study abroad.


Johne( being) --------------English has---------------------------- . ①


(Being)eager to lean English Johne has decided to study abroad. ②


注:a,①:“置后”;② :“置前”;


b,句②也可视为由“Johne eager to lean English,Johne has decided to


study abroad.”化简过来


化简练习


练习1——


我当时不知道如何处理之个问题,我就向他请教。


I didn't how how to deal with this problem, I consulted him. ×①


No knowing how to ---------------problem, I ------ -------. √②


给出的句子 ①:两个句子之间没有<连接词>,所以×。


a,将“,”→“;”;将“,”→“,+ <连接词>so”; 或:


b,将“I didn't how to deal with this problem”,变成<分词短语>,句②。


练习2——


我进门时,发现书(被)散满地都是。


I walked into the room,I find books which were scattered 3 around. ×①


When(As)I -----room, I find books which were scattered around. √②


------------------------, --------------(being)scattered around. √③


Enter the room , ---------------(being)scattered around. √④


给出的句子 ①:两个句子之间没有<连接词>,所以×。


a,句子②;将句子前面加上“When(As)”。


b,句子②中,∵<关系代词>和前没有逗号,∴可以变成<分词短语> :


去掉which,把 were 变成“(being)”,句③。


c,其实,还可以把When(As)和I去掉、把walked into用enter代替,句④。




1 worthy
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
2 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
3 scattered
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
  • Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
学英语单词
a. subcostalis
achoos
actual catch
ageneiosids
Agenesomy
alcoranic
anti-La
antiflea
aranoflavin
arc csc
asphaltic liquid
austrotaxus spicatas
autolytic deterioration
Bis-(dimethylthiocarbamyl)
Brieg
buhach insect powder
Canalis spiralis cochleae
candelabra tree
chronic shock
cigarra
coppies
custom factory integration
data transmission utilization
destructless
distomatosis pulmonum
dohnanyi
driver unit
elasticity of substitution
electronic bearing indicator
encoding sequence
exercens
father
feeder drive link
flying sports
fouryear
fricasseer
general aviation (ga)
Ghostscript
glass phosphate dosimeter
grand plan
halamide
hichcoke
high speed drilling machine
High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data
home countries
hostos
interest on current debt
job dependent information
K-
kukumane kraal
legateships
letdown
locking arm
logical product
m.w.
Mahometic
Mala, R.de
male erectile disorder
national surveying and mapping administration
natural colour television
nested scope of identifier
nonprostatomegaalic
Oktwin
oophorosalpingitis
open box wagon
p-selectin
partial denervation
pendant(-dent)
perfect gas laws
pericarpium arecae
peronospora chenopodii
phoenix tree ?
plates and bubble caps
Poa dahurica
printer drivers
pyro acid
quasibound
ribbon screw
rioux
rocket belt
Sanford's test
scampis
scrapping of propeller boss
service mechanism
soil erosion zone
sparing grain
standpipe connection
stenberg
stripe pattern
stupid-fuck
subvent
sulphur mastic
swanneries
troaks
umbravirus
unburiable
unsweats
wet density
wildcraft
world-shaking
Yauna Maloca
zeniplatin