VOA慢速英语2017 路透社发布2017年100所最具创新力大学榜单

Western Schools Lead Reuters List of World's Top 100 Universities

Western countries again top Reuters’ yearly list of the World’s Most Innovative 1 Universities. The media group ranks educational centers based on scientific gains, invention of new technologies and success in new markets and industries.

西方国家再次在路透社每年发布的全球最具创新力大学榜单上位居前列。路透社根据科学成果、新技术发明以及在新市场和行业中的成就对教育中心进行排名。

Reuters says Asian countries will definitely be a powerful force in the future world economy. But, it says Western countries still produce the most influential 2 research leading to the most useful technologies.

路透社表示，亚洲国家一定会成为未来世界经济的强大力量。但是该社表示，西方国家仍然做出了引领最有用技术的最具影响力的研究。

This year’s top 100

今年的榜单100强

Stanford University is number one on Reuters’ list for the third straight year. The private school is found in the heart of California’s Silicon 3 Valley, and not by chance. The university played a big part in creating the area. Stanford is known for leading technology development, especially related to the internet.

斯坦福大学连续第三年排名路透社榜单的首位。这所私立学校位于加州硅谷中心位置，而这绝非偶然。该大学在硅谷的创建过程发挥了重要作用。斯坦福大学以其领先的技术开发而闻名，尤其是在互联网方面。

It was a Stanford professor who designed the internet’s basic communication system. In addition, former Stanford students have founded some of the biggest tech companies in the world, including Google, Intel, Hewlett-Packard and Netflix.

互联网基础通信系统就是由斯坦福大学的一位教授所设计的。此外，前斯坦福大学学生创建了一些全球最大的科技公司，其中包括谷歌、英特尔、惠普以及网飞。

Other results from this year’s list

今年榜单上的其它排名

The top ten on the list is much the same as last year. Nine universities return to the highest positions. Most are large, well-established universities located in the United States.

榜单前十位与去年大致相同，有9所大学再次上榜，其中大部分是位于美国的大型的名声在外的大学。

The second and third highest-ranked schools are MIT and Harvard. Like Stanford, they have also held the same ranking for the past three years. In fourth place is the University of Pennsylvania, which climbed four spots from number eight last year.

排名第二和第三的学校分别是麻省理工和哈佛大学。像斯坦福大学一样，它们在过去三年保持了相同排名。第四名是宾夕法尼亚大学，该校从去年的第8名上升了四位。

Two of the top ten are outside the U.S. Belgium’s KU Leuven comes at number five. The almost 600-year-old university is one of the largest independent research and development organizations on the planet.

前十名大学中有两所位于美国境外。比利时的鲁汶大学排名第五。这所拥有近600年历史的大学是全球最大的自主研发机构之一。

A South Korean university, KAIST, comes next. The South Korean government established the school in 1971. Officials modeled KAIST after engineering schools in the United States. Most classes are taught in English. And, the United States Agency for International Development provided a multimillion-dollar loan to help get KAIST started.

韩国科学技术学院紧随其后。韩国政府于1971年成立了这所大学。有关官员照搬美国工科院校建立了韩国科学技术院。该校的大多数课程都是英语授课。而且，美国国际开发署提供了数百万美元贷款帮助开办了这所大学。

The top 100 positions on the list are filled by 51 universities in North America, 26 in Europe, 20 in Asia and three in the Middle East.

榜单前100强学校有51所在北美，26所在欧洲，20所在亚洲，还有3所在中东。

The fall and rise of Asian institutions

亚洲大学机构的排名升降

Why are there so few Asian universities on the list? One reason is because Japanese universities, traditionally the strongest research schools in Asia, depend heavily on government support. Japan’s economic growth has slowed over the last 20 years, providing less money for research as a result.

为什么榜单上的亚洲大学这么少呢？原因之一是传统上亚洲研究最强的日本高校在很大程度上依赖政府支持。过去20年里日本的经济增长放缓，因此提供的研究资金减少。

The index service Web of Science found a recent drop in publication of Japanese research. The organization says Japanese researchers were responsible for 8.4% of all scientific papers published in 2005. In 2015, the percentage had dropped to 5.2%.

提供索引服务的Web of Science发现日本发布的研究最近有所下降。该组织表示，日本研究人员占到了2005年发布的所有科学论文的8.4%。而到了2015年，该比例已经下降到了5.2%。

Reuters’ 2017 rankings reflect that decline in research and development. The University of Tokyo, for example, fell five places to number 21 on the list. Osaka University is now number 24. Last year it was 11th. And, Keio University went from 53rd in 2016 to 78th this year.

路透社2017年的榜单反映了日本高校在研发上的这种下降。例如东京大学在榜单上下降了五位，落到了第21位。大阪大学现在排名第24位，去年排名第11位。庆应大学从2016年的53位下降到了今年的第78位。

Kyushu University, at 68th place, was Japan’s only school to rise on the list. Last year, it ranked 79th.

排名第68位的九州大学是日本唯一一所排名上升的大学。去年该校排名第79位。

China’s representation on the list has grown. In 2015, only one Chinese university was ranked. Last year, two made it. Now there are three.

中国的上榜学校有所增加。2015年，只有一所中国大学上榜。去年有两所，今年有了3所。

The two Chinese universities returning to the list also saw their positions rise. Tsinghua University climbed 15 spots to number 51 and Peking University went from 70th to 60th.

再次上榜的两所中国大学的排名也有所上升。清华大学上升15位，来到了第51位。北京大学从第70位上升到了第60位。

Zhejiang University appears on the list for the first time at number 100.

浙江大学首次上榜排到了第100位。

Creating the list

榜单的排名

The 100 schools were chosen after examining each candidate on different metrics, including academic papers and patent filings. They were ranked based on their performance.

这100所学校是在对每所候选学校包括学术论文和专利申请在内的不同指标进行审查之后筛选出来的，排名是基于它们的成就。

The ranking system groups all departments in a university together. This means extremely innovative individual departments or programs could be overlooked. And, remember, even the lowest ranked university on Reuters is a member of a highly exclusive group.

排名系统将一所大学的所有院系组合到一起。这意味着极具创新的个别院系或项目可能会被忽视。而且要记住，即使是路透社榜单上排名最低的大学，也是高度排他性集团的一员。

I’m Phil Dierking.

Words in This Story

academia - n. the life, community, or world of teachers, schools, and education?

data - n. facts or information used usually to calculate, analyze 4, or plan something?

innovate 5 - v. to do something in a new way ?

metrics - n. a method of measuring something or the results from the method

patent - n. an official document that gives a person or company the right to be the only one that makes or sells a product for a certain period of time