时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:2018年NPR美国国家公共电台8月


英语课

 


DAVID GREENE, HOST:


Today, a consumer advocacy organization is asking federal health officials to halt a large medical study that's being conducted at major universities nationwide. Public Citizen says this study involving treatment for sepsis puts patients at risk and will at best produce confusing results. NPR's Richard Harris has the story.


RICHARD HARRIS, BYLINE 1: First, it's important to note that sepsis is a huge problem. It arises when the body tries to fight back infection and overreacts. Sepsis is a leading cause of death, killing 2 more than a quarter of a million Americans a year, and doctors don't agree about the best way to treat it. A large new study addresses one open question, which is, what's the right combination of IV fluids and drugs to maintain a safe blood pressure?


CRAIG COOPERSMITH: So trying to find the sweet spot, or the Goldilocks place, is important.


HARRIS: Dr. Craig Coopersmith, a sepsis expert at Emory University, says the CLOVERS trial is an attempt to do that. He's not involved in the study, but he reviewed a complaint about the trial lodged 3 by the Public Citizen Health Research Group. Dr. Michael Carome, who heads that group, says his main concern is that the study is comparing two treatments - either using a little fluid or a lot - without comparing that to usual care.


MICHAEL CAROME: The problem is both of those experimental ways of treating sepsis may do worse. There may be higher mortality rate for both groups compared to usual care.


HARRIS: That might not be obvious. And if one turns out to be better than the other, that doesn't mean it would be better than usual care, he says. The study won't answer that question. He's also alarmed that in certain unusual circumstances, the protocol 4 calls for holding off on treating dangerously low blood pressure for several hours.


CAROME: And no one caring for a sepsis patient would normally do that as part of usual care.


HARRIS: The study, designed at Harvard and funded by the National Institutes of Health, went through multiple reviews to conclude that it didn't pose an undue 5 risk to patients.


CAROME: But the fact that it got through these layers of review with these serious design flaws signals that our system for protecting human subjects is broken.


HARRIS: Craig Coopersmith at Emory doesn't share that sense of alarm. Yes, studies are typically supposed to compare an experimental practice with standard of care, but in the case of fluids for sepsis...


COOPERSMITH: There's no clear standard of care for the first 24 hours.


HARRIS: So that direct comparison is not possible. He agrees with Carome that the study won't clearly show that one of these experimental treatments is better than a more middle-of-the-road approach to fluids and blood pressure medications, but at least the findings might help nudge doctors in one direction or another. As for the concerns about how to deal with a patient with very low blood pressure...


COOPERSMITH: In a very narrow patient population for a narrow period of time, there is a theoretical chance that somebody could have what I would consider to be too low of blood pressure.


HARRIS: And if he were a doctor involved in this trial, he would deviate 6 from the protocol and treat that patient, as he expects his colleagues would as well. The study isn't designed the way he would have done it, Coopersmith says, but...


COOPERSMITH: I would be comfortable enrolling 7 patients in this trial.


HARRIS: One of the scientists at Harvard who developed the study declined an interview request, but defended its design in a written statement. A spokesperson for the federal Office for Human Research Protection (ph) says it has not seen the complaint but expects to review the allegations. Richard Harris, NPR News.


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1 byline
n.署名;v.署名
  • His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
  • We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。
2 killing
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
3 lodged
v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 );暂住;埋入;(权利、权威等)归属
  • The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry. 证书必须存放在登记处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Our neighbours lodged a complaint against us with the police. 我们的邻居向警方控告我们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 protocol
n.议定书,草约,会谈记录,外交礼节
  • We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
  • The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。
5 undue
adj.过分的;不适当的;未到期的
  • Don't treat the matter with undue haste.不要过急地处理此事。
  • It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.最好不要过分看重他的批评。
6 deviate
v.(from)背离,偏离
  • Don't deviate from major issues.不要偏离主要问题。
  • I will never deviate from what I believe to be right.我绝不背离我自信正确的道路。
7 enrolling
v.招收( enrol的现在分词 );吸收;入学;加入;[亦作enrol]( enroll的现在分词 );登记,招收,使入伍(或入会、入学等),参加,成为成员;记入名册;卷起,包起
  • They lashed out at the university enrolling system. 他们猛烈抨击大学的招生制度。 来自辞典例句
  • You're enrolling in a country club, Billy. 你是注册加入乡村俱乐部了,比利。 来自辞典例句
学英语单词
air pollution source
anterior tentorial arms
anti-Semite
antimony compounds
Aponogeton
apple dumplings
Arab League
assia
belimbings
Bertram Brockhouse
bioeffect
Bombyliidae
borsal
carries point
circumscriptible
co-uned
collegiate panel
completion status
coupled thermal-nuclear model
custodial sentence
cybervillages
diffraction grating
Dymnamic Host Configuation Protocol
echiodon coheni
electronic typhonic equipment
ergochrysin
extension of a group
Ficus ischnopoda
flory
frontfired
GALEASPIDIFORMES
gastrointestinal forceps
Gayer tests
general instruction to tenders
hand mower
have a sale
hydraulic mill
ilicfemoral ligament
incoming gas
intake conduct
ion ray
iterative computing
killex
LAN card
laography
literary genre
lithia mica
LQ problem
magneto-crystalline
marmor serpertinatum
metzlers
MIME encoding
mixed wet feed
morus alba l. var. skeletoniana schneid.
multi-processing
multifossil range zone
multitasks
Naantali(Nantali)
non-whites
onthophagus (onthophagus) terminatus
Ophthetic
Orion Aggregate
osteoglossids
parapsoriasis maculata enplaques
personal decision analysis
Pilgrim Festivals
power-limitings
prestigiatory
pseudonymously
quickmunch
rapability
raw starter)
red-legged partridges
repliest
return block
revolving-screen washer
roll turning shop
ruffsides
safebreakers
Schumm's test
scour resistance
self-induced magnetic flux
septation
sheet-pile breakwater
shmendrik
short-delay line
single prism spectrograph
sinker plate
slap print
sparra
srta
step to the fore
target droneaircraft
Townville
track shim
trichechidaes
Trifluvians
us jibe
visitours
wauf
wing bay
Withington, Mt.