时间:2018-12-16 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2014年(七月)


英语课

 


Planning Post-2015 Development 联合国发布2015年全球发展计划报告


The U.N. Millennium 1 Development Goals are due to expire at the end of next year. Debate is underway on what should replace them. One U.N. official says they should be based, in part, on the findings of the 2014 Human Development Report.


The eight Millennium Development Goals were established in 2000. Nearly 190 countries at the time committed to achieving them by 2015. They include eradicating 2 extreme poverty and hunger; promoting gender 3 equality; reducing child mortality and improving maternal 4 health; and fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria 5 and other diseases.


Much success has been made since the goals were set, but progress is not equal among the MDGs. With their expiration 6 near, the question arises: what next?


The Human Development Report – released July 24th in Tokyo -- calls for reducing vulnerabilities in society and building resilience.


Khalid Malik, author of the report and director of the Human Development Office of the U.N. Development Program, said, “For the first time in the 22/23 years we’ve been tracking progress in human development, three countries in the very high human development category have actually gone backwards 7: Ireland, Greece and Cyprus. So that’s quite worrisome, concerning. Second, the top five and the bottom five are quite stable.”


The top five are Norway, Australia, Switzerland, the Netherlands and the United States. While the bottom five are all in Africa -- Sierra Leone, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger.


Malik said when replacing the Millennium Development Goals, ongoing 8 problems slowing advancement 9 need to be addressed.


“You have to take vulnerability into account in setting up the new goals, which are being debated right now. There’s a lot of consensus 10 we should be able to aim for eliminating poverty. So, the argument there is we should aim not only to do that, but also to make certain that people stay at zero poverty.”


However, he said eliminating poverty – and preventing people from falling back into it – is not just about money. It‘s a multidimensional problem.


“Poverty is not just simply income. There are health and education aspects, water supply, sanitation 11. It needs a broader emphasis than simply increasing income,” he said.


It’s estimated there are 1.5-billion people considered multidimensionally poor. About 800-million, he said, are just above the poverty line.


He said, “Any shock, any change in circumstance will push them back into poverty.”


He added that the goals that replace the MDGs must support livelihoods 12 and families.


“The new set of goals should look at universal approaches to social services, social protection – and also to push for Jobs. That’s why the report puts a lot of emphasis on full employment, which sort of disappeared from strategic thinking of most countries, particularly developed countries since the 60s and 70s. And we are now arguing that it’s time to return to them.”


The UNDP official said jobs are far more important than just the wages a person receives.


“It has to do with self-identity. It also correlates with violence. More employment reduces violence and contributes to family stability. They are all kind of aspects which are positive. So that’s the argument we made. But the new set of goals has to account for these issues.”


He said it really comes down to making good investments.


“The whole thrust of human development is that if you invest in people the people will look after society and the economy. And all the work we have done so far -- and all the evidence we looked at – basically shows that when you have a more equal society things just do better. So any movement towards that has to be supported,” he said.


Those investments, he said, must be made in both men and women and require new thinking and a change in perspective.



1 millennium
n.一千年,千禧年;太平盛世
  • The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
  • We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。
2 eradicating
摧毁,完全根除( eradicate的现在分词 )
  • Objective: To study the acute and chronic toxicity of Ten-flavor-acne eradicating-capsule. 目的:探讨复方中药合剂十味平痤胶囊的急性及慢性毒性。
  • We are on the verge of eradicating polio in the world. 我们已在世界消除小儿?痹症的边缘了。
3 gender
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
4 maternal
adj.母亲的,母亲般的,母系的,母方的
  • He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
  • The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。
5 malaria
n.疟疾
  • He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
  • Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。
6 expiration
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
7 backwards
adv.往回地,向原处,倒,相反,前后倒置地
  • He turned on the light and began to pace backwards and forwards.他打开电灯并开始走来走去。
  • All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。
8 ongoing
adj.进行中的,前进的
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
9 advancement
n.前进,促进,提升
  • His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
  • The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
10 consensus
n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
  • Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
  • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
11 sanitation
n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备
  • The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看,这个地段非常糟糕。
  • Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。
12 livelihoods
生计,谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )
  • First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者,他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小,他们的传统生计受到了威胁。
学英语单词
a retail outlet
aero-gas turbine engine
airborne early-warning station
aloe-emodin anthranol
Alseodaphne
Amynodontidae
anover de tajo
archiepiscopates
Atlantic manta
automated layout program
azzawi
ba'id
bone-seeking
brine mixing tank
burden of agricultural tax
calathidium
call/fault light
camise
carotenogenic
chabertia
characteristic symptom
Christmas is coming
Cobeta
cola ntu
condenser reactance
CRMS
Cynanchum auriculatum
declinometers
defect scattering
deka
denudes
depolo
dielectric strength.
diethylene glycol dioleate
dislocation breccia
dispersoids
dual-acting band brake
endurance athletes
entity life cycle model
epididymectomy
exchange of equivalents
expected date of confinement
feedback equalizer
financial document
font inline sequence
fullied
glass-transition temperature
guessive
Headon beds
Hit rough weather
hot air drier
ice drift
integration scenario
interest reserve
isochronous modulation
judiciall
land desertification
laser fracturing
Lingones
low-income countries and territories
lynset
marchaiss
metaverruca recta
Microporellidae
multisection optical amplifier
nitrogen cascade
non-climacteric fruit
number-crunch
open-center plan position indicator
open-tube vapor growth
palos hills
pay master general
payable to bearer
pipeline architecture
play a joke on someone
puccinia canaliculata
rabbler
real growth
reproducibles
rutinulose
scale board
Schiller's disease
seer hand
shearing rupture
SLSF (sodium loop safety facility)
soy(bean) milk film
standard body beef
steel cable baffle ring
straight sinuss
tazheranite
teargass
tetartohedral form
tetrodotoxin (ttx)
thermal properties of water
thrb
tutorial message
wait signal
wet plates
wide-opening
wind guard
Yawara
zircaloy tube