时间:2018-12-16 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2014年(七月)


英语课

 


What Determines Who is Really a Refugee? 谁是真正的难民?


UNITED NATIONS —


As thousands of children crowd U.S. detention 1 centers, officials struggle to deal with the situation.


More than 21,000 unaccompanied children arrived last year from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, according to a recent U.N. report.


Nearly 19,000 came from Mexico.


This year the numbers only increased, and the deluge 2 has given rise to a debate that largely depends on whether they can be classified as refugees.


But what determines who is a refugee?


"The children that are fleeing violence and who would be in harm's way if they returned, those are children who would likely qualify for protection here in the United States," said Anna Greene of the International Rescue Committee. "But not all would."


Accoording to Greene, those seeking to escape poverty are often referred to as "economic migrants."


Unlike refugees, they leave their homes by choice. If someone seeking asylum 3 in the United States is determined 4 not to be a refugee, then he or she can be deported 5.


Jana Mason of the U.N. Refugee Agency says there are specific justifications 6 for granting refugee satus.


"There are five grounds, and it has to be linked to persecution 7 — race, religion, your ethnic 8 or national background, a political opinion that you hold, or membership in a particular social group," he said.


In extraordinary circumstances the United Nations has classified whole groups of people as refugees, such as those fleeing the war in Syria or conflicts in Africa.


So does a government have a different degree of responsibility to a refugee — especially a child — fleeing poverty than it does to one fleeing war?


Greene of the IRC says no.


“It looks different, but the protection principles are exactly the same.  Including that every child who is unaccompanied, regardless of why they may have left, needs certain types of protection that adults don't,” she said.


In the U.S. border case, Mason said it was important that undocumented migrants be given the chance to tell their story and go through the asylum process.


“International law says that if someone could be a refugee, you basically have to give them the benefit of the doubt and not send them back,” said Mason.


The experts said the key to stemming the flow of unaccompanied children and other asylum-seekers from Central America to the U.S. is to address the underlying 9 factors that are causing them to make such a dangerous journey in the first place.



1 detention
n.滞留,停留;拘留,扣留;(教育)留下
  • He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
  • He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。
2 deluge
n./vt.洪水,暴雨,使泛滥
  • This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily.雨大的时候,这条小溪能变作洪流。
  • I got caught in the deluge on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨。
3 asylum
n.避难所,庇护所,避难
  • The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
  • Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。
4 determined
adj.坚定的;有决心的
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
5 deported
v.将…驱逐出境( deport的过去式和过去分词 );举止
  • They stripped me of my citizenship and deported me. 他们剥夺我的公民资格,将我驱逐出境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The convicts were deported to a deserted island. 罪犯们被流放到一个荒岛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 justifications
正当的理由,辩解的理由( justification的名词复数 )
  • If he a vulgar person, she does not have justifications for him. 如果他是个低级趣味的人,她早就不会理他了。
  • It depends on their effect on competition and possible justifications. 这则取决于它们对于竞争的影响和可能存在的正当抗辩理由。
7 persecution
n. 迫害,烦扰
  • He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
  • Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。
8 ethnic
adj.人种的,种族的,异教徒的
  • This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏,这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
  • The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。
9 underlying
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
学英语单词
a passing grade
a ready position
acetylenediol
active pixel sensors
adherent water
aerobic spore forming bacillus
afoor
alongships
alpheus collumianus
amaknak
ash fusibility temperature
Austinella
Bastarnae
bathroom layout
benisa (benissa)
biofumigants
bishops of rome
brown-bagger
building equipment
capital grant
colope
concrete transfer car
congelifluction
corporate borrowing
croissants
cross keys
cutting strokes per minute
data scientist
disranged
draba nemorosa l. var hebecarpa ledeb.
drift factor
dyslochia
early start
electro-hydraulic valve train
empty load
error pulse
ethnoecology
etymemazin
favic
flies by
fundatrigenia
Ghubayshāb
glass for ultraviolet rays
heptamethylnonane
heta
house-dust mites
house-mistress
humanitarian activities
i-wroht
impact tolerance
increase rate of population
induction tube of magnetic
inert-gas carbon arc welding
korbel
lacoste sea gravimeter
late water flooding
latent acid
lawrence durrells
lead in spiral
leave someone to himself
left-hand twine
light-beam recording oscillograph
linear elastic theory
lymphoid reticulum cell
magnesia whisker
no-load and short-circuit method
nonwrapped
Ogaki Kyoritsu Bank,Ltd.
one-commodity model
pathomorphology
person-s
pes malleus valgus
photogrammetric pyramid
plastic induration
Randia cochinchinensis
resverie
rhizocephala
roamer
rose-malloes
secondary sizing operation
semoleon
short-changings
slip-rings
somnifery
stea
sthenias
sub-soils
succus taraxaci
table of weights and measures
telangictasis
transient instrument
triturate tablet
tumor-specific
undulated series winding
unoccupied time
Ursae Majoris
use clause
waterproof varnish
well ordered set
Zabrze
zero-potential surface
zone of scatter