刚果小矿工填补大企业留下的洞穴

AS IT IS 2016-07-29 Congo's Small Miners Fill Hole Left by Big Businesses 刚果小矿工填补大企业留下的洞穴

As large mining companies in the Democratic Republic of Congo are eliminating jobs, government officials are expanding the role of small miners. Officials are permitting member-owned groups to mine 10 square kilometer plots of land that belong to the state-owned mining company.

The government usually does not permit this kind of small-scale mining. But it is trying to maintain the country’s economy as commodity prices drop.

Government officials are also trying to put the country in a good position if the price of cobalt rises. Cobalt is used to make batteries for electric vehicles. Its value is expected to rise 45 percent in the next four years.

About half the world’s supply of cobalt is in the DRC.

Chinese buyers

Yet poor local workers say that foreign buyers are the ones who are making most of the money. They accuse businessmen from China and Lebanon of dominating the market. The workers say the businessmen artificially reduce prices and adjust their instruments to make the ore appear less valuable.

At one market, miners and traders said almost all of the 140 businesses that buy ore are Chinese.

A man named Louis is one of the buyers there. He is Chinese. When he heard the miners’ complaints, he said, “Those who are happy with the price sell the product. Those who aren’t, leave.”

Dangerous conditions

Some workers in the DRC hope the member-owned groups will improve the situation for local diggers and traders.

Alain Chinois, who is Congolese, leads a cooperative with 34 members. Under his plan, diggers will earn 60 percent of the income from the mine. Cooperative members share the rest.

He expects this arrangement to result in better working conditions, equipment, and access to capital. For example, he says his group can request a loan from a bank.

But, he acknowledges, foreign buyers with money to invest will continue to have a major influence.

Stany, 42, is a miner in southeastern Congo. He is a father of five children. He left a job on a farm nearly 10 years ago to go to work in the copper 1 mines of the Congo.

The mine where Stany works includes member-owned cooperatives. But research by Amnesty in 2013 still documented deadly accidents and mistreatment of workers.

“I do this because there is nothing else. If something else came along, I would do it,” Stany said.

Others express the same idea. Despite the problems with small-scale mining, few people in the DRC see better alternatives to it in the near future.

Words in This Story

commodity – n. something that is bought and sold

cobalt – n. a hard, shiny, silver-white metal that is often mixed with other metals

copper – n. a reddish-brown metal that allows heat and electricity to pass through it easily

battery – n. a device that is placed inside a machine to supply it with power

ore – n. rocks, earth, etc., from which a valuable metal can be taken

cooperative – n. a business or organization that is owned and operated by the people who work there or the people who use its services