VOA慢速英语2013 尼日利亚年轻人抵制博科圣地

AS IT IS 2013-09-19 Young Nigerians Resist Boko Haram 尼日利亚年轻人抵制博科圣地

Hello, and welcome back for another edition of As It Is.  I’m Jim Tedder 1 in Washington.  Today, we travel to Nigeria to learn about some young people who want to punish members of a famous militant 2 group.  But some wonder if this civilian 3 organization will someday become yet another problem for the Nigerian government.

大家好，欢迎回到又一期的“ As It Is ”，我是在华盛顿的吉姆·特德。今天，我们前往尼日利亚去了解一些想要惩罚一个著名军事集团的成员的年轻人。但是仍有不少人担心这些民间组织将会成为尼日利亚政府的另一个问题。

Then we’ll hear from some law experts who think that the process of becoming a lawyer takes too long, and costs too much.  Is it possible to become a good lawyer without going to law school for 3 years?  Stay with us for As It Is, a way to learn English while hearing about your world!

然后我们将会听到一些认为成为一名律师耗时又耗钱的法律专家的评论。如果不耗费三年时间在法律学校学习法律是不是不可能成为一名有能力的律师？持续关注我们 “因为它是”，同时学习英语和听见你自己的世界的方法。

Nigeria’s northeastern Borno state is home to the Islamist militant group, Boko Haram.  Hundreds of young men there have formed a civilian group to resist Boko Haram. These civilians 4 work actively 5 with the military to find Boko Haram militants 6.  The civilians use methods outside the law to punish what they consider wrongdoing.  But now their members have become targets.

尼日利亚东北部博尔诺州是伊斯兰军事组织博科圣地的基地，上百名年轻的当地人集合成一个民间组织来抵制博科圣地。这些年轻的组织这积极同军方合作寻找博科圣地军事组织，他们运用法外的方法来惩罚他们认为错误的行动，但是现在他们的成员成为了目标。

At least 55 members of a civilian defense 7 group in Borno State have been killed by people who appear to be Boko Haram militants.  The killings 8 took place in a series of attacks, beginning in August.

至少有55名在博尔诺州的民间组织大反对者被博科圣地军事组织的人所杀害，这些伤亡发生在八月份的一系列的攻击中。

The civilian policing group is called the Civilian JTF, the Civilian Task Force.  It is similar to the Nigerian military’s JTF, the Joint 9 Task Force.  The government military force has tried to control the Islamist rebellion in northern Nigeria that has continued since 2009.

这个民警集团被称为民用联合特遣部队，或者平民的特遣部队。与尼日利亚军方联合特遣部队十分相似。政府武力一直在尽力尼日利亚北方自2009年起的伊斯兰叛乱。

Baba Garba Chajo helped form the Civilian JTF this June.  He says the group’s job is to help the military.  And he says that includes searching for and arresting militants.

巴巴·贾巴尔·乔在今年六月帮助了民用联合特遣部队，他指出这个部队的任务就是帮助政府军方，包括寻找和捕获博科圣地军事组织的人。

 “In the past we were at the receiving end of the Boko Haram.  But now we are the ones sending them on the run.  We no longer fear Boko Haram because we have conquered our fears.  And we have all sworn by the holy Quran to justly pursue our duties without recourse to worldly gains.”

“一直以来我们都是博科圣地组织攻击的接受者，但是现在我们将会成为射出攻击炮弹的人，我们已经不会再害怕博科圣地组织，因为我们已将恐惧征服，而且我们被古兰经的‘理直气壮地追求我们的职责，而不诉诸世俗的收益。’所保佑”，巴巴说。

But there have been problems.   Mr. Chajo said they had to get soldiers to shoot several members of their group.  He said that in one village, Civilian JTF members were robbing and attacking people.  He described their actions as “worse than Boko Haram.”

但是现在仍然有许多问题。乔先生说他们不得不让士兵射杀一些民间组织的成员。他说在某个村庄里民间组织的成员洗劫民房并且攻击平民，他认为这些举动比博科圣地的行动还要恶劣。

Baba Garba Chajo once worked as a mechanic.  But he now spends his time looking for members of Boko Haram as he drives the streets of Maiduguri in Borno State.  Many local people are tired of the rebellion.  They praise the efforts of the Civilian JTF.

巴巴·贾巴尔·乔曾经做过机械师。但是现在他花时间在博尔诺州迈杜古里的街道一边开车一边寻找博科圣地组织的成员。许多当地的民众已经对谋反感到厌烦而赞美民用联合特遣部队的努力。

The military supports the Civilian JTF and provides them with protection.  The idea is that local people know the communities and are better able to find militants. But the military has not given any guns to Civilian JTF members.

政府武力支持民用特遣部队并给予他们保护，他们认为对当地环境了解的当地人民更容易发现博科圣地组织的成员，但是政府军方不向民用特遣部队提供枪支。

Military spokesman Lieutenant 10 Colonel Sagir Musa says the Civilian JTF has been important to a current government offensive.  He says the three-month-long offensive is helping 11 control Boko Haram’s continuing attacks against civilians.

军方发言人萨迦·穆萨上校指出民用特遣部队对于政府的当前攻势十分重要，他说这三个月的持续攻击对于博科圣地持续的对平民的攻击的控制有帮助。

Colonel Musa described the militants as, in his words, not happy.  He said they are no longer able to move freely.  But others are not so sure.  The military has cut off cellphone communication in much of the northeast and blocked the battle areas.  Progress is hard to measure.

穆萨少校用他的话来描述博科圣地军事组织为不高兴，他说组织已经无法再自由的行动，但是仍有许多不确定因素。组织已经减少在东北方向的通讯联系并且封锁战斗区域，成果难以估测。

And there are concerns that supporting the civilian group will lead to more big problems.  Some experts say the formation of a civilian fighting group in Nigeria marks a government surrender of power.

并且仍然有许多担忧支持民间组织将会带来更大的问题，一些专家认为民间战斗组织的形成标志着一个政府在力量上的屈服。

Shehu Sani heads the Civil Rights Congress of Nigeria.  He says the military is failing in its responsibility to these untrained and unarmed young people.  And Mr. Sani says members of the Civilian JTF violate human rights.  He accuses them of attacking and arresting people suspected of belonging to the Boko Haram group.

谢胡·萨尼是尼日利亚民权国会的负责人，他说军方已经在那些没有训练又没有武装的年轻人面前失去了责任的力量，而且这些民用特遣部队的人违反了人权。他严厉指责民用特遣部队攻击和逮捕博科圣地组织成员的嫌疑者的行为。

The human rights activist 12 says, “These people will someday grow to be another monster that the Nigerian state has to deal with.”

人权活动家认为：这些人将会成为尼日利亚政府要去处理的有一个“怪兽”。

Does Law School Take Too Long and Cost Too Much?

是否法律学校费时又费钱？

Medical doctors and lawyers have usually held a respected place in American society.  But the educational costs necessary to join the professions can be way too high for many young people.  Faith Lapidus joins us now with information that may save students both time and money. 

律师和医生在美国社会总是持有令人尊敬的地位，但是一些必须的为了达到教授级别而花费的金钱对于许多学生来说却十分昂贵。费斯·拉皮斯现在带着许多既可以减少时间与金钱花费的小窍门加入我们。

People who want to become lawyers traditionally attend three years of law school. Like medical students, many law students are deeply in debt by the time they finish their juris doctor, or JD, degree. Those who take out loans borrow an average of around $125,000 to attend a private school. The average for public law schools is about $75,000.

想要成为律师的人一般情况下会在法律学校进行三年的学习，与许多医学系的学生一样，许多法学系的学生在取得他们的法学博士学位时同时背上了大笔的债务。那些报考私人学校的学生平均要借将近十二万五千美元的贷款，而上了公立学校的学生则需要平均七万五千美元的贷款。

Almost all graduates must pass a bar examination to get a license 13 to practice law. This is a professional test administered by states.

几乎所有的毕业生都需要参加一个律师资格考试已取得律师职业执照，这是一个专业的有每个州组织的测试。

New York University Law School Professor Samuel Erstreicher has written a paper about bar exam requirements. It appeared in the school’s Journal of Legislation and Public Policy. Professor Erstreicher suggests that more students should be allowed to take the bar exam after two years of law school. He notes that this was more common in the past. Supreme 14 Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo and President Franklin Roosevelt both took the bar exam after two years.

纽约法律大学的教授Samuel Erstreicher曾经写过一个关于律师职业考试的文章，它被刊登在学校杂志Legislation and Public Policy上。Erstreicher教授建议应该允许法律学校毕业两年的学生参加职业考试，他点出这在过去十分常见，超级法官Justice Benjamin Cardozo和富兰克林·罗斯福总统都是在法律学校毕业之后的两年后参加的职业考试。

Professor Erstreicher also suggests a more professional, instead of a more academic, program of study. Learning more about professional skills, he says, would better prepare a lawyer to serve the needs of average Americans.

并且Erstreicher教授建议以一个更加职业化而不是更加专业化的方式学习法律，他认为学习好了职业技巧可以在将来更好的帮助美国大众。

Some schools offer a two-year program in addition to three-year traditional courses of study. Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles established a program called SCALE in 1974. It says this is the oldest two-year JD program in the country.

一些学校提供的两年的课程学习代替三年的课程学习，位于洛杉矶的西南法律大学与1974年设立一个名为SCALE的项目，据说这个项目是这个国家历史最久远的两年制法律学习项目。

Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago became the country’s first top law school to add an accelerated program. That was in 2009. Northwestern has the same requirements for accelerated students as for three-year students. They must learn the same material and pay the same price as students in the traditional program. Why, then, would someone want to do that? We asked Northwestern’s law school dean, Daniel Rodriguez.

位于芝加哥的西北法律大学于2009年成为了全国名牌法律学校中首个添加加速学习项目大学，西北大学对于加速学生的要求与三年制的法学学生的要求相同，他们必须交付于三年制的学生一样的费用同时学习好三年制学生所有的课程，为什么？那么又有谁会想去做这种事情呢？我们学问了西北法律大学的院长，Daniel Rodriguez.。

“For some of them it’s because they have a very clear sense of what they want to do when they get out of law school. Maybe they have a job lined up. Or, more likely, they have a strong sense of what their professional career would be. And they may be more urgent – a little bit of a hurry about it.”

“对于其中的一些人来说，他们拥有在毕业之后的明确的目标，可能是他们有了已经找好的工作或者是他们对于自己的职业生涯将会如何有一个清晰地规划，因此他们会比较紧急，或想更快的毕业。”

Some lawyers argue against two-year programs. They question whether many law firms would want to hire lawyers without that third year of law school.  I’m Faith Lapidus.

一些律师反对两年制的法律学习，他们质疑是否有法律公司会招收一位只读了两年的法律大学的学生，我是费斯·拉皮斯。