时间:2018-12-15 作者:英语课 分类:VOA慢速英语2007年(五)月


英语课

VOICE ONE:


I’m Steve Ember.


VOICE TWO:


 
 
And I’m Barbara Klein with Explorations in VOA Special English. Today, we tell about one of the most influential 1 and skillful writers in the world. For more than four hundred years, people all over the world have been reading, watching and listening to the plays and poetry of the British writer William Shakespeare.


(SOUND)


JULIET: "Ay me!"
ROMEO: "She speaks:
"O, speak again, bright angel!"
JULIET:  "O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?
"Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
"Or, if thou wilt 2 not, be but sworn my love,
"And I'll no longer be a Capulet."


VOICE ONE:


 
Olivia Hussey and Leonard Whiting in Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film version of 'Romeo and Juliet'
You just heard part of a famous scene from a movie version of “Romeo and Juliet."  This tragic 3 play remains 4 one of the greatest, and perhaps most famous, love stories ever told. It tells about two young people who meet and fall deeply in love. But their families, the Capulets and the Montagues, are enemies and will not allow them to be together. Romeo and Juliet are surrounded by violent fighting and generational conflict. The young lovers secretly marry, but their story has a tragic ending.


"Romeo and Juliet" shows how William Shakespeare’s plays shine with extraordinarily 5 rich and imaginative 6 language. He invented thousands of words to color his works.  They have become part of the English language. Shakespeare's universal stories show all the human emotions and conflicts. His works are as fresh today as they were four hundred years ago.


(MUSIC)


VOICE TWO:


William Shakespeare was born in fifteen sixty-four in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon. He married Anne Hathaway at the age of eighteen. The couple had three children, two daughters and a son who died very young. Shakespeare moved to London in the late fifteen eighties to be at the center of the city's busy theater life.


Most people think of Shakespeare as a writer.  But he was also a theater producer, a part owner of an acting 7 company and an actor. For most of his career, he was a producer and main writer for an acting company called the King's Men.


VOICE ONE:


 
The rebuilt Globe Theatre in London was officially presented in April 1997 for Shakespeare's 433rd birthday
In fifteen ninety-nine Shakespeare's company was successful enough to build its own theater called The Globe. Public theaters during this time were usually three floor levels high and were built around a stage area where the actors performed. The Globe could hold as many as three thousand people. People from all levels of society would attend performances.


The poorer people could buy tickets for a small amount of money to stand near the stage. Wealthier people could buy more costly 8 tickets to sit in other areas.


Often it was not very important if wealthy people could see the stage well. It was more important that they be in a seat where everyone could see them.


VOICE TWO:


 
A drawing of the Globe Theatre on a British postage stamp
It was difficult to light large indoor spaces during this time.  The Globe was an outdoor theater with no roof on top so that sunlight could stream in. Because of the open-air stage, actors had to shout very loudly and make big motions to be heard and seen by all. This acting style is quite different from play-acting today. It might also surprise you that all actors during this period were men. Young boys in women's clothing played the roles of female characters. This is because it was against the law in England for women to act onstage.


Shakespeare’s theater group also performed in other places such as the smaller indoor Blackfriars Theater. Or, they would travel around the countryside to perform. Sometimes they were asked to perform at the palace of the English ruler Queen Elizabeth or, later, King James the First. 


(MUSIC)


VOICE ONE:


Shakespeare is best known for the thirty-nine plays that he wrote, although only thirty-eight exist today. His plays are usually divided into three groups: comedies, histories and tragedies.  The comedies are playful and funny. They usually deal with marriage and the funny activities of people in love. These comedies often tell many stories at the same time, like plays within plays.


VOICE TWO:


"Much Ado About Nothing" is a good example of a Shakespearian comedy. It tells the story of two couples. Benedick and Beatrice each claim they will never marry.  They enjoy attacking each other with funny insults. Their friends work out a plan to make the two secretly fall in love.


Claudio and Hero are the other couple. They fall in love at once and plan to marry. But Claudio wrongly accuses Hero of being with another man and refuses to marry her. Hero's family decides to make Claudio believe that she is dead until her innocence 9 can be proved. Claudio soon realizes his mistake and mourns for Hero. By the end of the play, love wins over everyone and there is a marriage ceremony for the four lovers.


VOICE ONE:


Shakespeare's histories are intense explorations of actual English rulers. This was a newer kind of play that developed during Shakespeare's time. Other writers may have written historical plays, but no one could match Shakespeare’s skill. Plays about rulers like Henry the Fourth and Richard the Third explore Britain’s history during a time when the country was going through tense political struggles.


VOICE TWO:


 
Laurence Olivier in the 1948 film ''Hamlet''
Many Shakespearian tragedies are about conflicting family loyalties 10 or a character seeking to punish others for the wrongful death of a loved one. “Hamlet‿tells the story of the son of the king of Denmark. When Hamlet's father unexpectedly dies, his uncle Claudius becomes ruler and marries Hamlet’s mother. One night a ghostly spirit visits Hamlet and tells him that Claudius killed his father.


Hamlet decides to pretend that he is crazy to learn if this is true. This intense play captures the conflicted inner life of Hamlet. This young man must struggle between his moral beliefs and his desire to seek punishment for his father’s death. Here is a famous speech from a movie version of "Hamlet." The actor Laurence Olivier shines in this difficult role.


(SOUND)


To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings 11 and arrows of outrageous 12 fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them?


VOICE ONE:


Shakespeare also wrote one of greatest collections of poems in English literature. He 
A 1926 version of Shakespeare's sonnets 14
wrote several long poems, but is best known for his one hundred and fifty-four short poems, or sonnets. The English sonnet 13 has a very exact structure. It must have fourteen lines, with three groups of four lines that set up the subject or problem of the poem. The sonnet is resolved in the last two lines of the poem.


If that requirement seems demanding, Shakespeare’s sonnets are also written in iambic pentameter. This is a kind of structure in which each line has ten syllables 15 or beats with a stress on every second beat.


VOICE TWO:


Even with these restrictive rules, the sonnets seem effortless. They have the most creative language and imaginative comparisons of any other poems. Most of the sonnets are love poems. Some of them are attacks while others are celebrations. The sonnets express everything from pain and death to desire, wisdom, and happiness.


Here is one of Shakespeare's most famous poems. Sonnet Eighteen tells about the lasting 16 nature of poetry. The speaker describes how the person he loves will remain forever young and beautiful in the lines of this poem.


(SOUND)


Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds 17 of May,
And summer's lease 18 hath all too short a date:
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion 19 dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;
But thy eternal 20 summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;
Nor shall death brag 21 thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.


(MUSIC)


VOICE ONE


Next week, we will explore the many ways that Shakespeare’s work has influenced world culture over time.   This program was written and produced by Dana Demange. I’m Steve Ember.


VOICE TWO:


And I’m Barbara Klein. You can read and listen to this program on our Web site, voaspecialenglish.com.  Join us again next week for Explorations in VOA Special English.



1 influential
adj.有影响的,有权势的
  • He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
  • He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。
2 wilt
v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎;(指人)疲倦,衰弱
  • Golden roses do not wilt and will never need to be watered.金色的玫瑰不枯萎绝也不需要浇水。
  • Several sleepless nights made him wilt.数个不眠之夜使他憔悴。
3 tragic
adj.悲剧的,悲剧性的,悲惨的
  • The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
  • Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。
4 remains
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
5 extraordinarily
adv.格外地;极端地
  • She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
  • The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨,大海出奇地宁静。
6 imaginative
adj.富有想象力的,爱想象的
  • The imaginative child made up fairy stories.这个想像力丰富的孩子自己编神话故事。
  • Scott was an imaginative writer.司格特是位富于想象力的作家。
7 acting
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
8 costly
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的
  • It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
  • This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用,左不过贵了些。
9 innocence
n.无罪;天真;无害
  • There was a touching air of innocence about the boy.这个男孩有一种令人感动的天真神情。
  • The accused man proved his innocence of the crime.被告人经证实无罪。
10 loyalties
n.忠诚( loyalty的名词复数 );忠心;忠于…感情;要忠于…的强烈感情
  • an intricate network of loyalties and relationships 忠诚与义气构成的盘根错节的网络
  • Rows with one's in-laws often create divided loyalties. 与姻亲之间的矛盾常常让人两面为难。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 slings
抛( sling的第三人称单数 ); 吊挂; 遣送; 押往
  • "Don't you fear the threat of slings, Perched on top of Branches so high?" 矫矫珍木巅,得无金丸惧? 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
  • Used for a variety of things including slings and emergency tie-offs. 用于绳套,设置保护点,或者紧急情况下打结。
12 outrageous
adj.无理的,令人不能容忍的
  • Her outrageous behaviour at the party offended everyone.她在聚会上的无礼行为触怒了每一个人。
  • Charges for local telephone calls are particularly outrageous.本地电话资费贵得出奇。
13 sonnet
n.十四行诗
  • The composer set a sonnet to music.作曲家为一首十四行诗谱了曲。
  • He wrote a sonnet to his beloved.他写了一首十四行诗,献给他心爱的人。
14 sonnets
n.十四行诗( sonnet的名词复数 )
  • Keats' reputation as a great poet rests largely upon the odes and the later sonnets. 作为一个伟大的诗人,济慈的声誉大部分建立在他写的长诗和后期的十四行诗上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He referred to the manuscript circulation of the sonnets. 他谈到了十四行诗手稿的流行情况。 来自辞典例句
15 syllables
n.音节( syllable的名词复数 )
  • a word with two syllables 双音节单词
  • 'No. But I'll swear it was a name of two syllables.' “想不起。不过我可以发誓,它有两个音节。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
16 lasting
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
17 buds
芽( bud的名词复数 ); 苞; 半开的花; 未长大的叶
  • the first buds appearing in spring 春天的初芽
  • Willow trees breaking out into buds foretell the coming of spring. 柳枝绽青报春来。
18 lease
n.租约,租期,租;v.出租,租出,租得
  • When does the lease of the house run out?这房子的租约何时到期?
  • He signed the lease yesterday.昨天他在租约上签了字。
19 complexion
n.肤色;情况,局面;气质,性格
  • Red does not suit with her complexion.红色与她的肤色不协调。
  • Her resignation puts a different complexion on things.她一辞职局面就全变了。
20 eternal
adj.永久的,无休止的,永恒的,永不改变的
  • Stop this eternal chatter!不要唠叨个不停!
  • Rome has been called the Eternal City.罗马一向被称为不朽之城。
21 brag
v./n.吹牛,自夸;adj.第一流的
  • He made brag of his skill.他夸耀自己技术高明。
  • His wealth is his brag.他夸张他的财富。
标签: voa 慢速英语
学英语单词
absolute fatal wound
act of terrorism
advance copy
air-cooled turbine blade
aligned dimension
arctic mouse-ears
as pale as ashes
ato unit
bank holiday
bar silver
barbier
beam of uniform section
beam splitting dichroic mirror
boiler cupboard
boiling point elevation
C'esaro convergent series
Caldeirão, Sa.do
christianly
click-to-dial
configuration partition function
consistent deformation
continuous overhead sprinkling
copper clad steel
cross reference list
customs tael
decennary forbids
declaration for warehouse
dedecorated
densely ionization radiation
dequass
digital audio inputs
disclosure principle
dreadnaught,dreadnought
earnings surprise
error-deformation string
Evoron
exauguration
farming bacteriology
fidei-commissum
Freyburg
fruit-seed
gamma-butyrolacton
gauge fixing
glass table
gravity assist
grease proof wrapping
hencoops
hepatic rickets
hexylester
hot alignment
hub ratio
imporose
indeterminate fauit
Indiegogo
inter row cultivator
isobits
job confirmation
level holding pipe
Lord High Steward (of England)
multidiversified
napocor
nardoo
news summary
nuclear emulsion
optic papillae
overdimension container
overtighten
ovular
paramyxoviral
pee-eye
Pharmacometric
pigheadednesses
post-axiad
Power Five
quartz still
ratiometer
red bay
reelin
regenerative braking
reteeing
robern
safe in life and limb
see's
side house
simulated environment test
SlimBrowser
Softran
solar proton
SPDL
spheric earth
tamisier
tetons
thiaestrane
three-star
tubicoles
uncontrolled rise
unwilling to spend money
Uzunisa
vertical vane copying milling machine
Weiss' reflex myopic reflex
xylotrechus formosanus
Yongding