时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
absolute convex hulls
acyl-azo-compound
advanced gallery
Al Qurayn
analogue aerotriangulation
andaman marbles
antenna positioning
autnumber
be jealous of
besmutched
bias-off
Biermannia
Blue Helmets
bottom note
break-even sales
business-machine receiving timing
centralized architecture
chi-squared test with fixed marginal totals
chic-ly
co-ordinancy
coefficient of reproduction
colour fastness to daylight
Corydalis dasyptera
CRT monitor
Diodon hystrix
Diogenes Of Babylon
dope dyeing
draw yourself up
driving blade
external arcuate ligament of diaphragm
extra budgetary resources
fancy stripper
fatty-acid
feard
float chamber cover
freeze-blowing
giddy gaddy
GlcNAc
have a bad conscience
heat-resistant concrete
hystericizing
impacting acceleration
infective conjunctivitis
isotaxy
jeedai
kallikrein-Trypsin inhibitor
King Peninsula
left inguinal region
les ballet jazz de montreal
licking
linear recursive estimation
look what you've done
Loss of Fish
majidi
Martens thermal endurance
mean spherical candle power
measurements by impulsive sound
microalbuminuric
mid ir
mixed flow pump
Nabidae
neuronal ischemic change
no-load starting electro pneumatic valve
onwise
page printer formatting aid
pasteure management
pathoglycemia
PBS-T-S
placenta obsoleta
ploughings
pocket ammeter
polar operation
polyphagic
practical efficiency of solar array
prefinalists
RC-cola
reflecting microscope
Reliability Availability and Serviceability
river styxes
rudolfinum
satvika (india)
screw coupler
scum-cock
second trimester of pregnancy
secondary network
secondary radioactivity
semi-supplement
short-period mode of motion
signing on
single-flow type boiler
single-precision number
single-u groove
solvation of ion
stationary grate
sub-tow
synchronizing pulse separator
tax payers personally filing returns
thumb wheel
transfer prices among commercial enterprises
upper class
violons