时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
advanced feed-hole
anecdotalism
apotracheal banded parenchyma
Arcimboldo, Giuseppe
area air defense commander
as like as not
asymmetry potential
autoalloploid
availability zones
Bacillus leichmannii I
back current step
be computed and taxed separately
biradical initiation
Bleneau
board jump pit
bounding mydriasis
californium (cf)
Chandrasekhar limit
chida
chromosome morphology
clipless mercerizing machine
coercive function
continuous deodorization tower
curing group
cyclosiloxane
deck ankles
dendrocolaptid
diadem spider
Dime Box
direct financing leases
double cyclone
effluxions
El Houbra
ensignment
error logging
Fee-for-service(FFS)
firekeeper
first-aid cabinet
flutazolam
Fort Rupert
frailed
gastrilegous
Greek masonry
heliothis moths
installed positions and shapes
intellectual tourism
Juncus leucanthus
Kedon
kylin
line-sequential color-television
locust beans
long-grain rice
Mambrilla de Castrejón
mcphaden
megalencephalic
Melville I.
methasterone
methylnicotinic acid
misobservance
multilines
multiple-degree-of-freedom system
Nambroca
non specialized
Ovocylin
partial layngec tomy
peripheral nerve paralysis
phase drift
phospholemman
pico-coulombs
Pomona green
precipitin tests
predicative
primary consumer
promoterless
regional centre for technology transfer
Revsnes I.
riemann-hilbert
ringle-straw
satellite injection system
scolecithricella schizosoma
self-conjugate
Sivaists
slackens
social concensus
soleid
spanielled
spin doctoring
sports-drink
srmc
subjective loudness scale
subventionizes
surfacing of roofing material
takes effect
thematical
thermooxidative aging
tidal cycle
towelless
transgenderist
twinspots
under mild restriction
wagon-headed dormer
written record