时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
ac permeability
acid lake
acoustic decoy
aerosol chamber
Athol I.
automatic toll swtiching repeater
average combined cost
awee
bolted contact
brake pedals
broad sd.
business and engineering enriched
Bājaur Agency
caky
carbon tetrabromide
cezanne
clearing heat for calming endogenous wind
Cruzeiro do Oeste
curse by bell, book and candle
Daram I.
display algorithm
dorsal tegumentary nerve
double whip
electric guitarist
entain
escort agencies
fast-fermentation
felling cycle
foot stick
fountain shells
Fulēnsa
genus Fuscoboletinus
goodesse
grain-oriented material
groath
heterologous strain
hit-piece
inlet gutter
insulated coupling
interbasin development
intradermic
iron(ii) azide
knapik
labarinth
landing zone control
LatAm
latent deficiency number
leading-truck
lighthouse tube
Little Lake
long cycle theory
long day type
long sweep elbow
lookee-likees
low-pressure cloud chamber
maximum-minimum speed governor
mechanotherapeutic
monoacetylsongorine
neat of animal
Nervus dorsalis penis
newscientist
nins
opacitization
osteocopes
parody display
Pauls
pippis
polly fish
post coordinate indexing
praxis
priori information
retort cells
reverse flow cooling system
risottos
rock pressure burst
running up
sage thrasher
Sassari
Senecio taitungensis
sensitive instrument
sepiolina nipponensis
sheeting plank of dyke
shulleng
sliding contact starter
sodium phlogopite
stage of pneumocardial compensation
structured cabling
symmetrical state
tactical air reconnaissance
tax on licenses
tetra superbae
thread-line fishing
Tibet blueberry
Timah, Bukit
totem-pole
translocated chromosome
under beam girder
understeering
unshipments
vinegar trees
vortex pattern
world-weary, world-wearied