时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
2-isopropoxy-phenyl-N-methylcarbamate
a. sternocleidomastoidea
ahmadus
Americanologist
anti-wilderness,antiwilderness
asepalous
Attleean
audrogynous
betaxolol
bilinear hamiltonian
bone mineral loss in space
centreds
chutzpadik
command heading
contract-management
copygraph
countervail duty
cupric subcarbonate
dael
dashee
deglucosylated
dick-measuring contest
die backer
disableism
discoboli
dog-headed spike
electromyographic integrator
excerps
exposed wire
false scorpions
Fleet Bay
fungicidal property
Gandomān
GAOR
Gaujasliči
gridiron-tailed lizard
haemanthine
half-translocation (herskowitz & muller 1953)
high score table
hold one's cards close to the chest
imposingly
in plaiest
integrated communication facilities
internet server extension dll
journaliser
Karasay
latencies
law of contracts
limonitization
lines of march
live with someone
loop expansion pipe
M-quenching
Madrassee silk
magnetoactive plasm
major habitat
marker genes
mechanical flowsheet
microwave absorption spectroscopy
minitheme
missouri-columbia
mitozolomide
mudfish
multi programming
nonparametric one-sample model
notoscopelus resplendens
obsubulatus
oil formation hydraulic fracturing
outturn sheet
oxocines
penetrating ligature
PHOLIDOPLEURIFORMES
Pinilla, Embalse de
pipeline flexible joint
polyhexamethylene sebacamide
porcelaneous test
principle of control
quiet stol (qstol)
RA (register allotter)
rare earth Y-type zeolite
reparametrisation
response functional
rhizoma et radix ligustici
Richardsville
rolling in rail
self-administered pension
sheetless
standard files print
striped sea catfish
Symmetric Multi-Processing
syndrome of coagulation cold due to blood deficiency
tatamiser
the Commission
thiobenzamide
Tupper Lake
typomorphic ion
ultra-acoultics
unbal (unbalanced)
vanadium ore
Venus's shoe
wandwork