时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
agathidium (cyphoceble) inquisitor
ahead swell
aircraft scrambling
allegorising
auties
Azurara
bed-sitting-room
bederoll
blow a gale
brown caterpillar
budget level
busbar fitting
chemico-mechanic coupling
climatic limits of crops
contactless controller
containment cooling
continuous ventilating
corrosive gases
cross questions and crooked answers
Cushing's law
cuspidal edge
daily vehicle-kilometre
deep seepage
Dendranthema boreale
dendryphiella eucalypti
digit expected
dispersion matrix
dissipable
Electronic Industries Alliance
elegances
Emlen funnels
engas
execution law
fioriture
gas province
gas thermometer calibration
gassiest
generic route encapsulation
grammatical sequence
green alders
half-ruined
high speed aerofoil
HPO
I. T. R.
interknits
kapa haka
keyseating milling machine
kommt
Krause's method
measurement of community relations
Member of the Scottish Parliament
nanotaper
non - governmental organization
observin'
oneset
pain
pain waxing
Panaitolio
Para rubber
pin bone width
porocyte
positive circulation
pot life
preopercles
reflectance photometer
reflecting absorption grating
RELAX NG
right lobe of liver
routed out
samarium gallium garnet
scurviness
seminoff
sense of place
shady dealings
shore steam supply connection pipe
shoulder punch
sludge handling
soft cost
soft paste porcelain
source listing file
specific point
speed-dialed
structural steel shape
sun si-miao
Taymouth
the pink of perfection
tube viscometry
UKAEA
ultrasonic echo
unmenged
urban facilities
vapour cavity
variable-cell method
VASIDAE
velograph
voice frequency (vf)
vpi
were given
white rider
wire worm
x ray generator
zero visibility