时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
ADW
anserinuria
apurashokoru i.
Arabian American Oil Company
array transpose
Arroyito
athletic contests
Balseiro
bannu (edwardesabad)
basement waterproofing
beaubien
caught in the crossfire
cetylic acid
chronometer escapement
coated rod
crimpspin machine
criticisings
Croce, Picco di
crystallinities
database size
davos platz
defeminized
density current in estuary
dooant
Drachhausen
draw sth from sth
equal-area map projection
equilibrium deformation
evidence for
experimental standard deviation
exsects
fare-paying passenger
final confirmation
finicky
forefather
free alkali
Gazak
Germany's
give a hand
good-good
got some
have one's cry out
have the scalp of sb
higher-incomes
Hirschsprung disease
horseboxes
hospital car
intercom speakers
interference sensitivity
intrinsic articulation
lambis lambis
large-vessels
Leonurus sibiricus
lon.
many-valued analytic function
marine officer
mass centric coordinates
maximum authorized total weight
mitigate risks
moiled
molto
morbus cardiacus
multiprocessors
Myemulchung
natural binary
Nepal Park
newly industrializing country
nosotoxicity
oatman
odontography
Oehl's layer
omniforce
open box pass
ophthalmo
overlook the account
PCOD
perispherical
photometer head with equality of brightness prism
planning and review committee
plastic aerated building
polychasium
pre-spray
processing statement
prosthenic
resistance starting
savory oil
scratch-brush finish
self-confidence training
sensualizations
shock diamonds
skog
speech analysis system
splice tape
stereo-visor
tabsurf
theodiversity
timing circuit
Townsend
trans-Pacific
tropical rains
unity-gain crossoven frequency
vertical output circuit