时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
A. P. D.
accelerator ZDMC
alarm cut out
all-paths-busy
AM noise
annual mean temperature difference
babycar
badmen
barb bolt
center/centre of twist
charged particle astronomy
cofinance
colourimetric
compacting and finishing machine
complete discharge
countersigned
Dallastype
data tagging
diarylethane liquid crystal
Dinidoridae
domelike structure
dominant column operation
driving energy
Drygalski Fjord
earth's inner core
effluenced
elastic distorsion
exponential response curve
facial gestures
fixed-sum credit
for the long haul
from the heart
goatfuck
half ring
halfpast
hcwh
holo-
home currency transaction
how time flies
in-line pragma
indelicacy
jamaluddin
java 2 sdk standard edition
joint snakes
leave sth out of consideration
Leucoplakia
line of production
linkage instruction
lloyd's advisory and legislation department
locking block
low-density material
manual polarograph
masonry of well
methane accumulation
Methyl-Systox
modas
moment of inertia
Navrongo
neutral relay with heavy duty contacts
objective system
operating loupe
oryctozoology
over-gassed juice
pacifiers
perfect dislocation
playground balls
playroom
pressure-temperature
printless
production trait
prometal
pullom fibre
purchase of equipment
quarter fast
radio input
rapping hole
reactor feed pump operation
retd
return flash
rougeberry
rousselot
running-ratchet train
sandblast apparatus
scylla serrata
servo assembly
shattering action
shore connection
single-way rectifier
solters
source program tape
specimen sheet
square-taper
Staritskogo, Gora
steering-column case
substantia nigras
syphon grainage
Temae, L.
Thompson River
transformation process of word
try
tumor associated antigen
unscuffed