植物人--深陷自身大脑囹圄的人们

It is an unimaginable nightmare, trapped inside your own brain, no way to talk, no way to communicate, written off as nearly dead. For five months, a 23-year-old English woman laid in what her doctors called a vegetative state. But Cambridge's researchers decided 1 to take a closer look, and were stunned 2 by what they found.

Not only was she able to, er, hear and understand speech, but she was able to carry out simple tasks in her head. It's clear to us that she was consciously aware, aware of herself and what was going on, what was going on around her.

A patient in a vegetated 3 state will sleep and wake regularly, show some eye movements , but have no discernible response to his or her environment.

This band of cortex here.

Armed with findings of functional 4 MRI scan, doctor Adrul Onwen thinks a lot more is going on, and he's shattering many long-held beliefs about the vegetative state.

What we've shown here, for the first time, is that we can detect awareness 5.

Owen's team placed the vegetative state patient in a machine like this one, and asked her to imagine playing tennis at Wimbledon.
This is the brain of a healthy volunteer who is imagining playing a game of tennis, and this is the brain of our patient, when we asked her to do exactly the same thing, and you can see the same area is activated 6 in both.

With each task, researchers look into specific parts of the brain, involving speech processing, or visualizing 7 a walk through room of her house. Every time, her scans were indistinguishable from those healthy volunteers.

It's one patient in one study.

Doctor Joseph Fins 8 says there are about 25 thousand vegetative patients in the United States. But says anywhere from 20 to 40 percent of them are misdiagnosed.

We have to be very cautious about generalizing her experience to all vegetated patients.

Like Terry Shawel whose brain was deprived of oxygen after cardiac arrest.

This patient was still within the window, of being able to move, this patient's vegetative state is not Terry Shawel.

Shawel's type of injury had a much grimmer prognosis from that of the study subject , who suffered a traumatic brain injury from a car accident. Currently there is no treatment for these patients. But doctors hope these scans may help early identify which patients have a better chance of recovery.

Doctor Sanjay Gupta CNN, reporting.

discernible:adj. distinguishable, recognizable, perceivable 可识别的

cortex:n. (Anatomy) outer layer or region (of the brain, etc.)皮层

grimmer:adj. of forbidding aspect; hideous 10; cruel; frightful 11; horrible; fierce; surly 冷酷的, 可怕的, 残忍的

prognosis:n. (plural prognoses -si:z) a forecast, especially of the likely course of a disease or ailment 12. 预知, 预后, 预测

cardiac arrest:n. cessation of all heart activity, heart attack 心博骤停

traumatic brain injury:(TBI), traumatic injuries to the brain, also called intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma 9 causes brain damage. 创伤性脑损伤