时间:2018-12-08 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2012年(六月)


英语课

 



Common Infection Raises Female to Male HIV Risk


A common bacterial 1 infection among women in sub-Saharan Africa sharply increases the risk of HIV transmission to men. Researchers say current treatments provide only a short-term solution.


It’s long been known that bacterial vaginosis, or BV, increases a woman’s risk of getting HIV. Now, research shows an HIV positive women, who also has the bacterial infection, has a three-fold greater risk of transmitting the AIDS virus to her male partner.


“BV is a condition where the normal vaginal flora 2, which is predominately Lactobacilli, get replaced by abnormal vaginal flora, predominantly anaerobic 3 bacteria. There’s a large number of species that are associated with BV. It’s not a single bacteria that causes BV, but it’s multiple numbers of these abnormal vaginal flora that replace normal vaginal flora,” said Dr. Craig Cohen, lead author of the story.


Cohen is professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at the University of California at San Francisco. He said women can be infected and not know it.


“Most women are asymptomatic. The most common symptom among those who do have symptoms is abnormal vaginal discharge, usually an increased vaginal discharge. Some women will complain of a smell or odor, especially after intercourse,” he said.


Despite the infection being so common in women, the cause still hasn’t been pinpointed 4.


“That we don’t know,” said Cohen, “and that’s one of the calls in the papers that we really need additional research. We know risk factors for BV, there are many, but we don’t know what actually causes it. It’s so common in Africa, for example, where in some populations between one-third and 50 percent of women live with this. It really beckons 5 the question of what’s normal.”


There are a number of theories and hypotheses as to the cause. One is that the bacteria are transmitted to the man and cause inflammation, making him more susceptible 6 to HIV transmission.


Cohen said there are treatments for bacterial vaginosis, but the effects don’t last very long.


“While they will reduce the symptoms in about 70 to 80 percent of women using metronidazole-- or otherwise known as Flagyl either orally or topically – within a 3 to 6 month period of time about 60 to 70 percent of women will actually have a recurrence 7 of BV,” he said


Cohen and his fellow researchers said new treatments need to be developed. These include more effective drugs and possible use of probiotics or bacteria considered beneficial to people.


The study was published in the June 26 issue of PLos Medicine and was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.




1 bacterial
a.细菌的
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
2 flora
n.(某一地区的)植物群
  • The subtropical island has a remarkably rich native flora.这个亚热带岛屿有相当丰富的乡土植物种类。
  • All flora need water and light.一切草木都需要水和阳光。
3 anaerobic
adj.厌氧的
  • Anaerobic respiration occurs only in particularly active tissues such as muscles during severe exercise. 厌氧呼吸只有在处于剧烈运动状态的肌肉等特别活跃的组织中才会发生。
  • Infection,especially anaerobic infection, is much more apt to occur.感染,特别是厌氧感染很容易发生。
4 pinpointed
准确地找出或描述( pinpoint的过去式和过去分词 ); 为…准确定位
  • His refusal to help simply pinpointed his cowardice. 他拒绝帮助正显示他的胆小。
  • Computers pinpointed where the shells were coming from. 计算机确定了炮弹发射的位置。
5 beckons
v.(用头或手的动作)示意,召唤( beckon的第三人称单数 )
  • He sent his ships wherever profit beckons. 他将船队派往赢利的那些地方。 来自辞典例句
  • I believe history beckons again. 我认为现在历史又在召唤了。 来自辞典例句
6 susceptible
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
7 recurrence
n.复发,反复,重现
  • More care in the future will prevent recurrence of the mistake.将来的小心可防止错误的重现。
  • He was aware of the possibility of a recurrence of his illness.他知道他的病有可能复发。
学英语单词
acrospiromas
analytic operator-valued function
area levelling
atomic oxygen fluence model
axial cut distance
azimuth compiler
bahorok
ballast draft condition
batch calculation
bellowed
causative factors of injury
cepalotribe
cobalt nitrate
commodity in warehouse
companion piece
completion message
concentration tracer
cu fts
despotic monarch
dextropropoxyphene
doubling course
dwarf grey willows
elbow-bone
ewan mcgregor
fakeness
flat-plate pressing machine
foot piece
free open textured sand
friction bezel ring
game-fishing
hecto-coulombs
henders
heterogenous catalysis
hog-nosed snake
hollow cathode aluminum ion laser
horsemeat
hungers
hydrophiling
ill-luck
in boundless enthusiasm
incident neutron energy
Indigosol Green IB
iner
katastates
keep your chin up
lavand
load-carrying winding
low-volume shipper
Macquarie Island
magson
Maskil
mason cities
master distance indicator
MCAIS
measurement pattern
mene, mene, tekel, upharsin
metasilicate
more significant bit
Murray State University
new productive capacity
nonoperating
numerical response
optimum capital stock
pachycholia
paramilitarisms
paratrygonica
pentapyrrolidinium
phobic layer
phrasemakings
pinos
power weight ratio
prolified
rageaholics
ravet
reactive termination
redirector
retrofittable
rookly
rotundatus
rugous
satyr plays
sea-cornet
Seckels
single-tub wagon tipper
special holder
spironolactone(anti-aldosterone)
spitball
standard money unit of account
state of permanent neutrality
statistic bit rate
steel hemp
suck at
suratenses
to service
tweer
underground gasification of coal
urcaryote
variable-duration
water regeneration technique
whip a fault out of sb.
wormly
yellowishness