时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:VOA慢速英语2008(十)月


英语课
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.

Cows, sheep, goats and other animals can get mastitis, an inflammation in the udder, the organ where milk is produced.

Milk from an untreated cow is still relatively 1 safe to drink. But the milk is full of white blood cells that thicken and make the milk go bad more quickly. Goat milk, though, might still look normal.

The more cells in milk, the lower the price that farmers can get for it. In the United States, if milk contains too many cells, it cannot legally be sold.

One sign of mastitis is cracked skin on the teats. Also, the udder becomes hot, painful and enlarged, and the animal may not eat.

Mastitis can spread as a bacterial 2 infection. So infected animals should be milked separately from uninfected ones. Flies can also spread the bacteria.

About ten percent of cases are so severe that the cow dies or never returns to good production. But antibiotics 4 can treat most cases.

American farmers have to throw away milk produced during treatment because of rules against antibiotic 3 residues 5 in milk.

Ynte Schukken at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, says the best way to prevent mastitis is to keep the animals clean. The same is true for milking machines, milking areas and pasture lands -- the cleaner the better, he says.

Milkers should always wash their hands. And, in the United States, teats must be disinfected with iodine 6 or other chemical disinfectant before milking. And then they are cleaned before a milking device is used.

Teat injuries can also cause mastitis, so be careful during milking.

Ynte Schukken says mastitis is commonly the number one problem of dairy farmers worldwide. But lately other concerns about the safety of milk products have increased. This follows the discovery of a poisonous industrial chemical in large amounts of Chinese milk. Health officials in China say the problem has been corrected. But the situation is a reminder 7 of the importance of milk safety measures.

Researchers at Cornell are working with American dairy farmers on new systems. Doctor Schukken sees a lot of promise in bulk-tank monitoring systems. Milk is kept cold in large tanks where it is continuously mixed. This way, any testing sample is considered a good representation of all the milk. Less than one hundred milliliters is all the milk needed for laboratory tests for bacteria, viral diseases and other threats.

And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson with additional reporting by Veronique LaCapra. I'm Bob Doughty 8.

1 relatively
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
2 bacterial
a.细菌的
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
3 antibiotic
adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
4 antibiotics
n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
5 residues
n.剩余,余渣( residue的名词复数 );剩余财产;剩数
  • pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables 残留在水果和蔬菜中的杀虫剂
  • All organic and metallic residues on the wafers must be removed. 片子上所有的有机和金属残留物均必须清除。 来自辞典例句
6 iodine
n.碘,碘酒
  • The doctor painted iodine on the cut.医生在伤口上涂点碘酒。
  • Iodine tends to localize in the thyroid.碘容易集于甲状腺。
7 reminder
n.提醒物,纪念品;暗示,提示
  • I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
  • It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知,她才付应该交的房租。
8 doughty
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
标签: voa 慢速英语
学英语单词
6-O-Methylerythromycin
age sex composition
All-souls'-day
almost-certain
aluminium conductor aluminium clad steel reinforced
aphyllous plant
astatic electro dynamometer
bark picture
bloody shame
breeder cockerel
bung fodder
cable ferry
cantacuzinoes
cayugas
cerebral diataxia
Ceylon cinnamon tree
chhertums
chicadees
chip-breaking flute
cholopleth map
closed high
coextend
crane fall
Darwinian
DBMC
DC arc welding
dealings in foreign notes and coins
distorted polyhedra
electrical degree
end breakage rate
endo-dextranase
exhaust column
f.thomas
financial indicator
flexible tube pump
folk dancers
Forkville
freedom of conscience
fundamental diagram
green leech
grill car
grow like a weed
grunberg
high resolution spectrometer
high-wrought
hit your stride
hold on
immediate address mode
impetiginous syphilid
in bad shape
insurrectionary officer
intrazone
kicking horse p.
lead(ii) iodate
ligamenta hyothyreoideum medium
logging machinery
Louys, Pierre
monosalient pole
mumismatics
myeloid metaplasia
nuzzling
Oboke-kyo
oligomenorrhea
osmotic pressures
over-commonly
Parsons table
participant as observer
Pesek, Sungai
pharyngospasmus
plot of land
polybutilate
post-neonatal mortality rate
posty
power-unit failure speed
purnell process
rachitic flat pelvis
rein in a horse
roller bandages
rotary actuator with two pistons
roughs
scarifying rotor
sculpture teeth
sexually attractive
shihab
simultaneous print-plot
spud can base
st-laurent
standing gage block
stream of bits
sun porch
super powder
telemetry acquisition
tensile shear test
text someone
thermomicroscopy
timing program
unpaid expense
warrant of arrest
washtenaw
wave of oscillation
yenikapi
zone transfer