VOA慢速英语2012 Education Report - New Rules on US Summer Jobs for Foreign Students

Education Report - New Rules on US Summer Jobs for Foreign Students

教育报道 - 美国国务院出台暑期打工旅游项目新规则

This is the VOA Special English Education Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。

More than one hundred thousand international students will spend this summer working and traveling in the United States. They are participating in the Summer Work Travel program through the State Department. They receive J-1 exchange visitor visas.

超过10万名国际学生今年暑期将到美国打个和旅游。他们将获得J-1交流访问者签证，参加美国国务院的“暑期打工旅游项目”。

The idea is for students to work for up to three months and earn enough money to then spend a month traveling before they return home.

该项目理念是让学生们打上三个月工，赚到足够多的钱旅游一个月再回家。

The Exchange Visitor Program, aims to increase global understanding through educational and cultural exchanges.

交流访问者项目旨在通过教育和文化交流，增强全球共识。

The Summer Work Travel program has existed for years. This year there are some changes. The State Department recently amended 1 the employment rules. These changes follow a strike last summer by foreign students working at a distribution center for Hershey's chocolates.

暑期打工旅游项目已经存在多年，今年它发生了一些改变，美国国务院最近修订了雇佣规则。究其根源在于去年暑期在好时巧克力公司配送中心工作的国际学生发起的一次罢工。

The State Department said the students were put to work for long hours in jobs that provided little or no contact with the outside world. The students complained about having to lift heavy boxes and to work overnight.

美国国务院表示，这些学生被派去长时间工作，与外界少有接触。这些学生抱怨，自己必须抬起沉重的箱子，并通宵工作。

They and other workers protested conditions at the plant in Palmyra, Pennsylvania. The students also complained about being underpaid as a result of deductions 2 from their earnings 3. Some of their pay had to go to subcontractors involved in the operations.

他们和其他工人还对这家位于宾夕法尼亚州巴尔米拉市的工厂的工作条件提出异议。这些学生还抱怨收入被扣除后工资太低，他们的一些收入被该活动分包商拿走。

The State Department has now banned the use of Summer Work Travel students in warehouses 4 or packaging plants. Also, the majority of their work hours cannot fall between ten at night and six in the morning.

美国国务院现在禁止仓库或包装工厂雇佣暑期打工旅游项目学生。此外，他们的主要工作时间也不能被安排在晚上10点和早上6点之间。

More jobs will be banned in the fall. These include most construction, manufacturing and food processing jobs. Summer Work Travel students will also not be allowed to work in most mining and agricultural jobs.

到今年秋天，更多领域的工作将被禁止。其中包括大多数建筑业、制造业和食品加工业工作。暑期打工旅游项目学生也将不被允许参加采矿和农业领域的工作。

Daniel Costa at the Economic Policy Institute in Washington welcomed the new limits on jobs that the students can fill.

华盛顿经济政策研究所的丹尼尔·科斯塔（Daniel Costa）对这些学生可以打工的工作领域的新限制表示欢迎。

DANIEL COSTA: "That is good because it will protect the actual foreign workers from getting injured on the job. It also protects U.S. workers, because there is high unemployment in a lot of those occupations."

科斯塔：“这是一件好事。因为它能防止现在的外国工人在工作中受伤，也能保护美国工人。因为在很多职业中失业率都很高。”

He also praised a requirement that employers only fill temporary or seasonal 5 jobs with Summer Work Travel students. He noted 6 that some employers have continually hired new student workers to avoid having to hire regular full-time 7 employees.

他还赞扬了雇主只能在临时性和季节性工作中雇佣暑期打工旅游项目学生的要求。他指出，有些雇主不断聘请新的学生打工者，以避免雇佣正式的全职员工。”

Jacob Horwitz is lead organizer for the National Guestworker Alliance, the group that organized the strike in Palmyra.

雅各布·霍维茨（Jacob Horwitz）是全美外来工联盟的主要发起人，该联盟组织了巴尔米拉罢工。

JACOB HORWITZ: "The changes to the J-1 rules really recognize the demands that the students put forward, and both add a whole set of protections and changes that protect local workers who work in industries that use guest workers and also protect future J-1 students."

霍维茨：“J-1条例的改变真正认识到了学生们提出的要求，并同时增加了一整套保护政策和改革，来保护就职于使用外来工行业的本地工人，以及保护以后获得J-1签证的学生。”

He says the State Department's changes will help return the program to its original purpose as a cultural exchange program.

他说，国务院的改革将有助于使该项目重回作为文化交流项目的本来目的。

And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Jim Tedder 8.