时间:2019-02-18 作者:英语课 分类:英语作文


英语课

   用词方面


  一、
  多用正式或法律上的用词,与口头表述不同,合同是法律性的正式书面文件,使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如:
  1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.
  应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较 help 正式。
  2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.
  所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较 take part in 正式。
  3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
  雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较 give 正式。
  4、Party A shall repatriate 1 the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.
  甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较 send back 正式。
  5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed 3 in accordance with the laws of China.
  本合同受中国法律管辖,并按中国法律解释。construe 2 较 explain,interpret 正式。
  6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor 4 to replace forthwith any of its authorized 5 representatives who is incompetent 6.
  雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时,可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式;公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式。
  7、The Chairperson may convene 7 an interim 8 meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.
  董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene,interim 都是正式用词。
  8、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed 9, the other party shall have the preemptive right.
  如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分,另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较 transfer 正式。
  9、In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
  加工贸易中,厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式。
  10、The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.
  “生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式。
  二、
  多使用"here","there","where"等前缀,下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花?初学时确实容易搞混,告诉你个小窍门,here 代表 this,there 代表 that,where 代表 what/which,就容易记多了。
  hereafter = after this time; 今后
  hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此
  herein = in this; 此中,于此
  hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文
  thereafter = afterwards; 此后,后来
  thereby 10 = by that means; 因此;由此;在那方面
  therein = from that; 在那里;在那点上
  thereinafter = later in the same contract; 以下;在下文
  whereby = by what; by which; 由是;凭那个
  wherein = in what; in which; 在哪里;在哪点上
  ……
  三、
  多用"shall"代替"will"或"should"加强语气和强制力。合同中,shall并非单纯表示将 来时,而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务,具有约束力,宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”; will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱,宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”;should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。
  1、This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.
  本合同签字生效。
  2、This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.
  本合同应以英文写成,一式四份,双方各持两份。
  用语方面
  一、力求严谨,明白无误:
  1、The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.
  下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;
  2、This Contract can only be altered, amended 11 or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
  本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;
  3、All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent 12 rules and regulations of China.
  ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。
  二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:
  1、Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)
  乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
  2、Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)
  甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
  三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:
  1、Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor 13 upon the happening of one of the following events:
  当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:
  2、Licensor becomes insolvent 14 or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;
  许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;
  3、The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and
  第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;
  4、Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.
  许可人未能履行其合同义务。
  四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:
  1、This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)
  本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
  2、This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)
  本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
  五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语:
  1、Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.
  甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
  2、Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.
  甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
  下列特殊用语使用频繁
  一、WHEREAS 鉴于
  正式而重要的合同,尤其是英美法系的合同,多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的,起连词作用:
  WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential 15 Complex in Baghdad, Iraq;
  鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;
  WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;
  鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;
  二、WITNESS 证明
  在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词:
  This Agreement, made by ……
  WITNESSES
  WHEREAS……, it is agreed as follows:
  本协议由……签订证明:鉴于……特此达成协议如下:
  IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据,该短语常用于合同的结尾条款:
  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.
  作为所协议事项的证据,双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。
  三、IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬
  约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。
  Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises 16 and the covenants 17 herein, contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
  兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:
  In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity 18 with the provisions of the Contract.
  乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。
  四、NOW,THEREFORE 兹特
  此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语,并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款,则本短语可省略:
  NOW, THEREFORE, it's hereby agreed and understood as follows:
  兹特协议和谅解如下:
  NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据,本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。
  五、PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语,WITNESS是谓语:
  NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:
  六、IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人
  本短语只在有见证人时使用—在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证,一般是相关的律师(Attorney)或公证处(Notary Public):
  IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals:
  作为协议事项的证据,订约双方各自签名盖章如下:
  其他短语
  For and on behalf the first Party(甲方代表):
  The EMPLOYER (雇主)…
  Capacity (职位) …
  In the Presence of (见证人) …
  Capacity (职位)…
  Address (地址)…
  For and on behalf of the Second party(乙方代表):
  The CONTRACTOR (承包人) …
  Capacity (职位)…
  In the Presence of (见证人) …
  Capacity (职位)…
  Address (地址)…

v.遣返;返回;n.被遣返回国者
  • The government safely repatriates victims.政府安全遣返了受害者。
  • In this part,you need to formulate in detail repatriate the plan.在这一部分,你需要制定详细的归国计划。
v.翻译,解释
  • He had tried to construe a passage from Homer.他曾尝试注释荷马著作的一段文字。
  • You can construe what he said in a number of different ways.他的话可以有好几种解释。
v.解释(陈述、行为等)( construe的过去式和过去分词 );翻译,作句法分析
  • He considered how the remark was to be construed. 他考虑这话该如何理解。
  • They construed her silence as meaning that she agreed. 他们把她的沉默解释为表示赞同。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.订约人,承包人,收缩肌
  • The Tokyo contractor was asked to kick $ 6000 back as commission.那个东京的承包商被要求退还6000美元作为佣金。
  • The style of house the contractor builds depends partly on the lay of the land.承包商所建房屋的式样,有几分要看地势而定。
a.委任的,许可的
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
adj.无能力的,不能胜任的
  • He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。
  • He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。
v.集合,召集,召唤,聚集,集合
  • The Diet will convene at 3p.m. tomorrow.国会将于明天下午三点钟开会。
  • Senior officials convened in October 1991 in London.1991年10月,高级官员在伦敦会齐。
adj.暂时的,临时的;n.间歇,过渡期间
  • The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
  • It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。
v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 );签署,题词;订阅;同意
  • It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to. 一般人并不赞成这个理论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I subscribed my name to the document. 我在文件上签了字。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.因此,从而
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
adj.恰当的;贴切的;中肯的;有关的;相干的
  • The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
  • These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
n.认可证颁发者(尤指批准书籍出版或戏剧演出的官员)
  • The licensor simply agrees to provide technology. 卖方只同意提供技术。 来自辞典例句
  • All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved. 所有未经授权人明示授与的权利,于此加以保留。 来自互联网
adj.破产的,无偿还能力的
  • They lost orders and were insolvent within weeks.他们失去了订货,几周后就无法偿还债务。
  • The bank was declared insolvent.银行被宣布破产。
adj.提供住宿的;居住的;住宅的
  • The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
  • The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
n.建筑物,房屋
  • According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定,场内不准饮酒。
  • All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行,不用送到外面去做。
n.(有法律约束的)协议( covenant的名词复数 );盟约;公约;(向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的)契约书
  • Do I need to review the Deed of mutual Covenants (DMC)? 我是否需要覆核公共契约(DMC)吗? 来自互联网
  • Many listed and unlisted companies need to sell to address covenants. 许多上市公司和非上市公司需要出售手中资产,以满足借贷契约的要求。 来自互联网
n.一致,遵从,顺从
  • Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法?
  • The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。
标签: 商务英语
学英语单词
abstruseness
accomodation bulkhead
aged egg
amph-
andre malrauxes
anteromedian seta
assch-
audio oscillator
audit capability
bailbond
bass-bar
bilge area
Borel covering theorem
building area quota
CF II
chest leads
circumscribed cylinder
closure system
cobbard
crewel-works
criduchat syndrome
cuckoo-flower
deckboard
depot and warehouse
disease spread
domineering
effect a change
elasto-plastic theory
electro arc depositing
electrochemical corrosion test
electronic energy migration
family Castoridae
feature
flat plate shaped grain
formulate criteria
grit reservoir
Hokurabin
homocholane
inactivated vaccine
income tax accounting
incremental loading
input parameter
ironside
kerwin
krugs
Mansuur
manual-reset relay
mechanical paper tape reader
mesophils
mountain belt
nidls
ning-hsia
oak chestnut
one-nature
one-phase relay
oriental beetles
orium
output low current
overwhelming winner
Palos Heights
peaces out
person-related activities
philistia
pillemers
pinault
polish ... up
portable ph meter
pre-menarcheal
premixings
punniness
radar compartment
residual percentage crimp
ristic
robespierres
scud-cs
seleniscope
simple stack
spot indicator
STAG (steam and gas turbine)
stellite stainless steel
stercus
sterile filling
symbolize
take the offer
those've
to wipe up the ground with someone
toll dialing trunk
total image
typical day
under-training
underlying cause of death
undrinks
union link
unoften
unpaid draft
upen
upward stabilization
USUHS
webvertising
xanthochilus
YERSINIOSES
yttrium aeschynite