时间:2019-02-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课
(一)不定式和动名词作主语的区别
  (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
  Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
  It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 
  (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
  不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
  Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
  Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
  (二)不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
  A.不定式作表语。
  (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。例:
  To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。
  I am glad to hear the news.我听到这个消息很高兴。
  What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
  B.如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。例:
  To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
  To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
  C.如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。例:
  His wish is to buy a luxurious 1 car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
  (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。例:
  Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
  His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
  〈注〉动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
  (3)分词作表语。
  表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴
  ”,而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的
  ”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是?
  ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用?ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是some
  body is interested in...,若人/物本身有趣时,就是sb./sth. is interesting。这类词常见的有:
  interesting使人感到高兴——interested感到高兴的
  exciting令人激动的——excited感到激动的
  delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的
  disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的
  encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的
  pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的
  puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的
  satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的
  surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的
  worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的
  Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但也是使人疲劳的。
  The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
  The argument is very convincing.这个论点很有说服力。
  They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
  (三)不定式和动名词作宾语
  英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
  (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。
  A.下面的动词要求不定式做宾语:
  例如:They are training these dogs to sniff 2 out drugs.他们训练狗嗅出毒品来。


adj.精美而昂贵的;豪华的
  • This is a luxurious car complete with air conditioning and telephone.这是一辆附有空调设备和电话的豪华轿车。
  • The rich man lives in luxurious surroundings.这位富人生活在奢侈的环境中。
vi.嗅…味道;抽鼻涕;对嗤之以鼻,蔑视
  • The police used dogs to sniff out the criminals in their hiding - place.警察使用警犬查出了罪犯的藏身地点。
  • When Munchie meets a dog on the beach, they sniff each other for a while.当麦奇在海滩上碰到另一条狗的时候,他们会彼此嗅一会儿。
学英语单词
abrolute electrostatic unit
actualization
adjudicate on the merits
afunctional occlusion
air-melted alloy
antitrust cases
Arnebia
auto doping
batty boys
beat sth out of sb
besaiel
bony coal
calculator with specified data storage capacity
california quails
circumanal glands
close-spaced method
cockbird
compressor inlet temperature (cit)
confidence interval for a forecast
constant-rate flow
croplands
curing vat
defhed
designated system management group
Dodecanoates
electric power source
enlargens
espuinon
ethmoid bone and tooth remover
felker
filamentary composites
fondu(e)
furance transfomer
gentiin
gregree
hemorrhage of tonsil
heptahedron
Homer nods
homochiralisation
household work
instrumentations
international television broadcasting
kedging
keep her steady
ketovalerates
line carrier
lingual apparatus (or hyoid apparatus)
magneto-optic(al) probe
Manicuare
marsh(swamp)
Matto Grosso
mean well towards someone
meso-Erythritol
method of partial waves
mid-shunt image impedance
multi-leaf damper
Mékouma
Nandapur
necromundas
nominative of address
nonsense suppressor
ofice
oil slicks
oil well paraffin removal equipment
outside post type container
parallel cluster
pilot current
primaryhaulage
pure culture
push-push
Pårup
rejected lot
remarkable
replenishable
rod gnanules
secure to single buoy
ship classification society
sight axis
slab charge
sleep-inquiring
soil reaction
spark impact transmitter
spiral bevel gearing
spiritualization
spray-drying process
standardized burden rate
steam bending force
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus
subdistinguish
subhedral grain
super weakly interacting massive particle
sychrocyclotron
the-fall
transonance
unchuca
User error
vomiting ascaris
voyaging
warm colors
wet provisions
willman
workflow foundation