PBS高端访谈:南苏丹内战引发了非洲最严重的难民危机

 　　Civil war is emptying huge swaths of South Sudan. The violence has uprooted 1 four million people, including two million who've fled to neighboring countries.

　　In the last year, more than a million South Sudanese have poured into northern Uganda alone,
　　crossing makeshift bridges like this one to flee fighting, hunger, and brutal 2 attacks on civilians 3.
　　They started fighting very, very severely 4. So that made us to escape with our properties to this side.
　　When Seme Lupai's family went to one of the refugee camps, initially 5, he stayed behind to look after the family's most precious commodity -- their cattle.
　　He hid for a year to escape the violence. The refugees carry whatever they can salvage 6 -- mattresses 7, pots, clothes, notebooks -- remnants of once peaceful lives turned upside down.
　　At checkpoints, Ugandan soldiers search their belongings 8 for weapons, before the refugees proceed to reception centers.
　　After entering Uganda, the refugees sign in at small waystations.
　　For many, it's the first night spent in safety after walking for days to escape fighting. Levi Arike fled with his wife and four children.
　　When the gunshots started, we laid under a tree with the whole family, because there was nowhere else to hide.
　　We waited for the fighting to stop, and then we got up and started walking to Uganda.
　　Uganda now shoulders most of the burden of Africa's biggest refugee crisis, managing a constellation 9 of camps which require food, water, healthcare, and policing.
　　At Imvepi Camp, now home to more than 120,000 South Sudanese, new arrivals receive vaccinations 10, hot meals, and basic items such as soap and plastic tarps to build a house.
　　The government also gives each refugee family a small plot of land, about a twentieth of an acre,
　　where they can build a tent shelter and grow crops to eat or sell. But the land often proves too rocky for farming.
　　After completing the registration 11 process, the new arrivals will receive their plot, to start a new life as refugees in Uganda.
　　While they are safe here, there are many challenges ahead, not least processing the trauma 12 of what they experienced back home.
　　This woman, who we'll call "Agnes," agreed to tell us about her harrowing experience.
　　She says four government soldiers from President Salva Kiir's Dinka tribe stopped her as she was fleeing South Sudan and raped 14 her right in front of her family.
　　When they started raping 15 me, they told me not to raise alarm, otherwise they would shoot me. Still when I'm sleeping, I'm dreaming of the Dinka, that they are coming to rape 13 me again.
　　How often do you have those dreams?
　　Daily, every time I lie down, those dreams come.
　　A recent Human Rights Watch report on South Sudan found "…a clear pattern of government forces unlawfully targeting civilians for killings 16, rapes 17, torture…and destruction of property.."
　　The victims are from ethnic 18 groups suspected to support the rebels.
　　They are doing it, because they know very well that those soldiers are our brothers. So they do it to punish them..
　　Although the rebels, known as the Sudan People's Liberation Army In Opposition 19, purport 20 to protect local communities, there are also reports of their fighters assaulting civilians near the Ugandan border.
　　Josephine Yanya told us she didn't feel safe in the presence of either side's soldiers. Her family and neighbors fled their village after government soldiers killed her uncle.
　　They hid in the mountains only to find themselves under attack again, this time by opposition fighters from the Nuer tribe loyal to former vice 21 president Riek Machar.
　　Yanya says ethnic Nuer soldiers from the SPLA-IO rebel group raped a member of her group and stole her father's' cattle.
　　Before we were thinking that the rebels would protect us, but if they are lacking food, they just come and take things by force.
　　With nowhere left to hide, Yanya fled to Uganda with her son.
　　But instead of finding a place to rebuild their lives, they are in limbo 22. And aid groups don't have enough food to distribute.
　　We are getting small food rations 23. I know it won't be enough even for one month.
　　According to the United Nations, the international community has given less than a-third of the $1.4 billion dollars needed for the refugee response in South Sudan's neighboring countries.
　　These refugees foresee more hardship and have no idea when they might return home.
　　I'm always praying for peace in South Sudan, and until then, I'll just stay here. undefined