时间:2019-02-12 作者:英语课 分类:2016年VOA慢速英语(七)月


英语课

Relative Pronouns


In this week’s episode of Everyday Grammar, we are going to discuss the relative pronouns who, that and which.


A relative pronoun relates to the noun it is describing. Relative pronouns introduce a relative clause. Think of relative clauses as long adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe nouns.


Let’s start with an example sentence:


The woman who called me yesterday was my mother.


In this sentence who is the relative pronoun, and who called me yesterday is the relative clause. The clause is describing the noun woman.


In general, the relative pronouns who, that, and which do one of two things:


1. They help identify the noun or


2. They help give more information about the noun.


In the example sentence, the clause “who called me yesterday” identifies the noun, in this case woman.


When a relative clause adds more information about the noun, the clause is surrounded by commas. Here is an example sentence:


My mother, who called me yesterday, says she is coming to visit me this summer.


Who is just one example of a relative pronoun that you can use when talking about a person. Let’s listen to a scene from the comedy film Bridesmaids for another example. In this scene, the main character Annie is telling her best friend that she has changed. Listen for the relative pronoun:


“Lillian, this is not the you that I know! The you that I know would have walked in here and rolled your eyes and thought that this was completely over the top, ridiculous, and stupid!”


The relative pronoun Annie used in the scene is that -- when she says “the you that I know.” In this sentence, that I know describes the noun you.


Both who and that can be used in relative clauses that describe a person. That can also be used to describe a thing. For example:


“The bike that I bought last week was stolen.” The relative clause "that I bought yesterday” describes the noun bike.


The relative pronoun which is also used to describe a thing.


Here is an example sentence using which.


“My bike, which I bought last week, was stolen.”


In this example, the relative clause “which I bought last week” adds more information about the noun bike. The clause is surrounded by commas.


Here are some general rules about commas and relative clauses:


--If the clause begins with the relative pronoun that, you do not need commas.


--If the clause begins with the relative pronoun which, you generally need commas.


--If the clause begins with the relative pronoun who, you need commas if the clause is adding additional information about the noun.


Here is an example sentence using the relative pronoun who, with and without commas.


1. My sister who lives in New York bought an apartment


2. My sister, who lives in New York, bought an apartment.


In the first sentence, the relative clause who lives in New York is identifying the noun sister. The speaker might have more than one sister. The clause “who lives in New York” is identifying which sister he or she is talking about.


In the second sentence, the same relative clause is adding additional information about the noun sister.


Sometimes, English speakers remove the relative pronoun altogether. Listen for the relative clauses in Shania Twain’s song You’re Still the One.


You're still the one


You're still the one that I love


The only one I dream of


You're still the one I kiss good night


In one line, she keeps the relative pronoun that. In the rest, she omits -- or removes -- the relative pronoun. If the relative pronouns that and who are followed by a noun or pronoun, they can be omitted. That makes the sentences “You’re still the one that I love” and “You’re still the one I love” both correct.


We can talk about other relative pronouns in another episode of Everyday Grammar. But for now, listen for the relative pronouns as we end this episode with the David Bowie song “The Man Who Sold the World.”


You're face to face


With the man who sold the world.


Words in This Story


relate - v. to show or make a connection between (two or more things)


identify - v. to show who someone is or what something is


surround - v. to be on every side of something



标签: VOA慢速英语
学英语单词
2'-phosphodiesterase
a cutie pie
abnormal focal length
aggregation of individual preferences
air inlet valve of dredger's deliving pipeline
air-guns
alcala de la selva
archeri
Ariquemes
assinie
Auberger blood group system
Banbayan Pt.
bar rack
be food for worms
between-class correlation
Brachypodium sylvaticum
calex
capon test
carbon steel
catch copy
Central I.
chantha
chromophobic
couchful
day disk
deformational stress
detonation point
deutscheland
drive out of
duramatral
echymose
Elephanta Island
expected yield
fadged
fermentation inhibitor
floating point unit
folded and grooved seam
go hard or go home
half titles
harker lines
hideosities
Higher bid
imperialls
insinuate
iris detachment
Jeans viscosity equation
lactocidin
lbgs
lead metasilicate
left atrium failure
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
lock cylinder
loi-cadre
M.H.R.
macromitrium ferriei
marie dolores eliza rosanna gilberts
membranogenesis
mesh side cutter
Minskian
nodes
nonitemized
normal congruence
observantially
order parameter
pachometers
papular pruritic gloves and socks syndrome
paroxysmal coliky pain
patent licence-agreement
Phulsāri
pioneering work
plain ashlar
plant ledger card
pork fillet
preconising
PSD (power spectral density)
ragtop
relish
residual valency
Santa Maria, I.
satish
scientific data processing
search and seizure
Seawater Quality Standards
sharpness of focusing
side-by-side
Simonart band
Sleepwell
smazes
spherochromatism
starch slurry
stop-and-direction-indicator-lamps
storage cathode ray tube
sweetkin
tabby-cats
teamkillers
tetracontagons
tip clearance area
Tossåsen
uppermost part
us sea
water ejection tube
you're a star