时间:2018-12-04 作者:英语课 分类:新视野大学英语:视听说教程 4


英语课

Task3: A View of Happiness

Script

Dr. Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when human or certain animals achieve that balance, they rend 1 to remain in that condition in order to repeat the happy feeling.

To illustrate 2 this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained 3 a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.

Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.

According to this theory, only animals with a significant capacity to learn should be able to experience happiness. But in truth learning can take place through surprisingly simple short-term action such as scratching an itch 4, followed by pleasure, followed by more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with almost no conscious thought.

For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals are not limited to the short-term satisfaction of needs. Indeed, there is a strong link between happiness and the fulfillment of long-term goals. Even if human strive for goals that are more complex and longer-term than the animals’ goals, once those goals are gained, happiness is reinforced.


 


1. Why does the speaker mention “magnets”?

2. According to the passage, what may animals do after they have got food?

3. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?

4. What does the speaker say is special about the goals of human beings?

5. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage?


 


 


Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.D 5.A



1 rend
vt.把…撕开,割裂;把…揪下来,强行夺取
  • Her scrams would rend the heart of any man.她的喊叫声会撕碎任何人的心。
  • Will they rend the child from his mother?他们会不会把这个孩子从他的母亲身边夺走呢?
2 illustrate
v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图
  • The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
  • This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
3 attained
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
4 itch
n.痒,渴望,疥癣;vi.发痒,渴望
  • Shylock has an itch for money.夏洛克渴望发财。
  • He had an itch on his back.他背部发痒。
学英语单词
active immunity
ajaccios
Almyropotamos
Ameca
amedo
angon
average daily calling rate
ball and inner ring assembly
barge to barge transfer
bills drawn under letter of credit
binary to decimal conversion
binnein mor
blowing spray
bomb calorimeters
branches at home and abroad
brick laid with mortar
capricorn beetle
carib woods
chimbley
complete set of eigenstates
contact flange
core and winding assembly
darrayne
disprovide
diverting dam
draw ... up
drift epoch
droseras
electron paramagnetic resonance
europium acetate
exchange volume
field investment
flairing
gemmifications
general call signal
Gentiloni
genus pedilanthuss
global liquidity
gone over
Hai Phong
heat-producing reaction
hflo
independent fault
inlaces
internal fuel
ionic speaker
irreversible circulation
ks-standard loading
latex examination gloves
LAVINIA
lipophilic compound
literatize
Loboc
macrocyclic compounds
metal-semiconductor-metal diode
monosuits
nonpsychological
notched furnace
oil sump tank
pallidofugal
Parafasciolopsis
pass-over offset
pentaradiate
pickup points
Pillsbury, Lake
plaque-infested port
plasma lipids
playdohs
public lawyer
Puccinia epimedii
put one's best foot first
radicicol
ratten-
readmitance
reclaiming by centrifuge
red-shank
relational instruction
resource productivity
sampling length
scare someone out of his wits
seasonal group profile code
settleability test
small wiring
soft corruption
spoliation
steam and gas
stereochemical formula
sun-bathing
suppression hangover time
tax reimbursement for export
thermofocal
tracepoint
tunnel in rock
twofold degeneracy
uncorrugated
unfavorable variance
union colourimeter
wetting of cloth
whidder
Wycakon-G
yudha