时间:2019-02-02 作者:英语课 分类:四六级写作指导


英语课

   很多同学常被动词不定式作定语时的语态所困。动词不定式作定语时,有时只能用主动形式;有时却只能用被动形式;有时两种形式都可以使用,表相同的含义;有时两种形式都可以使用,却表不同的意义。动词不定式作定语时,其语态形式究竟由什么来决定呢? 


  1.动词不定式作定语时,其语态形式与其所修饰的名词有重要的关系。 
  ① 一般说来,当不定式与它所修饰的名词属于主,用主动形式。 如: He is not a man to bow before difficulties 1. 在此句中,动词不定式"to bow"与它所修饰的名词 "man"是主谓关系,即"bow"是由"man"所发出。所以动词不定式采用主动形式。 
  ②当不定式与它所修饰的名词属于动宾关系时一般用被动形式。 如:Are you going to attend the meeting to be held by the teaching 2 office? 
  在此句中,动词不定式"to be held"与它所修饰的名词"meeting"是动宾关系,即"meeting"是"held"的宾语。所以动词不定式采用被动形式。 
  2.动词不定式作定语时,除了与它所修饰的名词有重要的关系之外,还与它所在的主句的主语与宾语有紧密的联系。 
  ①只要动词不定式与它所在的主句的主语构成,不论与它所修饰的名词是何关系,都用主动形式: 
  如:She usually has a lot of meeting to attend. 
  此句中,"she"与"attend"是主谓关系;即使"meeting"与"attend"是动宾关系,而动词不定式仍采用主动形式。  
  ②动词不定式如果与它所在的主句的宾语能构,不论它与所修饰的名词是何关系,都采用主动形式: 
  如:He will show you the right path to take. 
  此句中,动词不定式"to take"与此句中的宾语"you"构成了主谓关系,因此动词不定式仍采用主动形式。 
  3.当动词不定式与它所修饰的名词,以及所在的句子的主语或宾语都不存在主谓关系也没有动宾关系的时候,一般采用主动形式。 
  如:This is the best way to solve the problem. 
  4.某些动词如:let、blame、seek、lose等,其不定式作定语时,被动形式与主动形式都可以使用,意义没有什么区别,在口语中多数采用主动的形式,表示被动的含义。 
  如:I have a lot of house to let.( to be let)  There is no time to lose.( to be lost) 
  5.在"There be"句型中,有时,动词不定式作定语时的被动形式与主动形式表示相同的含义但有时却表示不同的含义。因此我们要根据其特定的语境来确定其形式。 
  如:①There are not many things to take care(意:没有什么事情要照料了。) 
  There are not many things to be taken care of (意:没有什么事情要照料了。) 
  由此看来,以上两个语句在意义上没有什么区别。 
  又如:②There is nothing to do now.(意:没有什么要做。) 
  There is nothing to be done now. (意:没有办法了。) ③There is nothing to see.(意:没有什么好看的。) There is nothing to be seen.(意:什么也没看见。) 以上两组语句在意义上都存在一定的差别。所以,同学们在做练习的时候,不仅要仔细分析句子成份之间的关系,同时也要弄清句子的特定语意,这样才能做到准确无误。

n.困难( difficulty的名词复数 );难度;难事;麻烦
  • I am acutely aware of the difficulties we face. 我十分清楚我们面临的困难。
  • the difficulties of English syntax 英语句法的难点
n.教学,执教,任教,讲授;(复数)教诲
  • We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
  • He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
标签: 动词
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absolute function
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mean what one says
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tunnel alignment by laser
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water on the brain
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